Biological therapies for schizophrenia
- Created by: Saf54
- Created on: 19-02-19 11:21
View mindmap
- Biological therapies for schizophrenia
- Typical antipsychotics
- Chlorpromazine is taken orally, around 1000mg daily and doses increase overtime
- It is also an effective sedative and has an effect on histamine receptors
- Used to calm patients with and without schizophrenia and is usually done when they’re first admitted to hospital when they’re anxious/nervous
- Syrup is absorbed quicker than tablets so is taken in the form of syrup when used as a sedative
- Strong association between use of typical antipsychotics and dopamine hypothesis
- They act as antagonists in the dopamine system
- Antagonists are chemicals that reduce the action of the neurotransmitter
- Block dopamine receptors in the synapse of a brain so reducing the action of dopamine.
- Chlorpromazine builds up the dopamine then reduces it .
- Dopamine antagonists effect normalises neurotransmissions so reduces symptoms such as hallucinations in the brain
- They act as antagonists in the dopamine system
- 1950’s
- Chlorpromazine is taken orally, around 1000mg daily and doses increase overtime
- Atypical antipsychotics
- Clozapine was withdrawn due to deaths of patients from a blood condition called agranulocytosis
- Remarketed in 1980’s as other treatments failed but patients have regular blood tests
- Fatal side effects so not available as an injection
- 1970’s
- Risperidone has been recently developed and doesn’t have as serious side effects as clozapine
- Binds to dopamine and serotonin receptors but it binds more strongly than clozapine
- It’s a more effective,smaller antipsychotic and has fewer side effects
- Binds to dopamine and serotonin receptors but it binds more strongly than clozapine
- Clozapine was withdrawn due to deaths of patients from a blood condition called agranulocytosis
- Positives
- Evidence for effectiveness
- Thornley et al (2003) compared effectiveness of chlorpromazine to control conditions
- People were given a placebo aswell
- Data from 13 trials with a total of 1121 ppts showed chlorpromazine had better overall functioning and reduced symptom severity
- Data from 3 trials with 512 ppts showed relapse rate was lower when chlorpromazine was used
- Atypical antipsychotic- Meltzer(2012) concluded that clozapine is more effective than typical antipsychotics
- 30-50% more effective of treatment resistant cases where typical antipsychotic have failed
- Thornley et al (2003) compared effectiveness of chlorpromazine to control conditions
- Evidence for effectiveness
- Negatives
- Serious side effects such as dizziness, agitation, sleepiness, stiff jaw, weight gain and itchy skin
- Long term effects are tardive dyskinesia which is caused by dopamine super sensitivity and leads to involuntary facial movements
- Most serious side effect is neuroleptic malignant syndrome(NMS)
- Drug blocks the dopamine in the hypothalamus and results in high temp,delirium and coma
- Problems with evidence for effectiveness
- Healy (2012) said that successful trails have been published multiple times and have been exaggerated
- Antipsychoticshave a calming effect so it’s easy to say they have positive effects, it’s not the same as saying they reduce the severity of psychosis
- Use of antipsychotic depends on the dopamine hypothesis
- High levels of dopamine activity in the sub cortex of the brain
- Evidence to suggest the dopamine hypothesis isn’t a complete explanation for schizophrenia
- Some parts of the brain could have low levels of dopamine which isn’t how antipsychoticswork as they’re dopamine antagonists
- Evidence to suggest the dopamine hypothesis isn’t a complete explanation for schizophrenia
- High levels of dopamine activity in the sub cortex of the brain
- Serious side effects such as dizziness, agitation, sleepiness, stiff jaw, weight gain and itchy skin
- Typical antipsychotics
Comments
No comments have yet been made