Augustine
- Created by: _bella_
- Created on: 29-01-19 14:08
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- Augustine on Human Nature
- Influenced the development of Western Christianity
- Relationships prior to The Fall
- A+E were married as friends. This friendship included reproduction AND the pleasure of sex.
- Sex is secondary to friendship. Friendship is the highest expression of human existence “there is nothing truly enjoyable without a friend”.
- Sex could occur without lust. The will is perfectly tuned with the body
- Relationship after The Fall- Divided Will
- For they would not have arrived at the evil act if an evil will had not preceded it
- The will is divided and is in conflict with itself
- Through reason, we know what is good but we are motivated by desire (concupiscence), rather than good
- Grace
- The rebellious will and sin can only be overcome by God’s love (grace). Only then can the supreme good (summum bonum) be achieved.
- Grace according to Pelagius
- Believed humans can overcome personal sin with free will.
- Original sin does NOT cause universal guilt that can only be removed by God
- Rousseau
- “Man in born free, and everywhere he is in chains”
- The purpose of our society should be to remove barriers that resulted in our loss of freedom and try and regain our natural state as helpful, just and social beings
- Hobbes
- The natural state of humans is “solitary, poor, nasty, brutish and short”
- Humans are, different from animals in that they recognise if they co-operate with each other life can become more tolerable
- Original Sin
- Belief that despite being made
in God’s image (imago dei), we carry sin, due to The Fall
- Passed on through sexual intercourse due to Human selfishness, lack of free will, lack of stability and corruption in society
- Bishop Julian (a Pelagian) argues Aug’s pessimistic view of human nature shows a hatred of God’s creative work.
- Belief that despite being made
in God’s image (imago dei), we carry sin, due to The Fall
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