Atomic Structure and Isotopes
- Created by: hannahc072
- Created on: 28-12-15 16:20
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- Atomic Structure and isotopes
- Definitions
- Atom: the simplest part of an element
- Molecule: two or more atoms covalently bonded
- Ion: a charged particle
- Compound: two or more elements bonded
- Isotope: atoms of the same element with a different number of neutrons
- Determining properties
- Isotopes have the same chemical properties because same electron configuration
- NEUTRONS determine PHYSICAL properties
- ELECTRONS determine CHEMICAL properties
- Different elements have different chemical properties because different electron configuration
- Isotopes have different physical properties because different number of neutrons
- Higher mass = higher density, melting and boiling point
- Basics
- Nearly all of an atom's mass in in the nucleus
- The overall charge on an atom is 0
- The number of protons identifies the element
- Cations have lost electrons and have fewer e- than p+ so are positive
- Anions have gained electrons and have more e- than p+ so are negative
- Ions: same number of protons, different number of electrons
- Heavy water
- Heavy water contains 2H isotope, D
- Super heavy water contains 3H isotope, T
- Physical properties differ due to different number of neutrons
- The more neutrons, the higher the mass
- The higher the mass the higher the boiling point, melting point and density
- Subatomic particles
- Protons have a relative charge of 1+
- Protons have a relative mass of 1
- Neutrons have a relative charge of 0
- Neutrons have a relative mass of 1
- Electrons have a relative charge of 1-
- Electrons have a relative mass of 1/2000
- Definitions
- Determining properties
- Isotopes have the same chemical properties because same electron configuration
- NEUTRONS determine PHYSICAL properties
- ELECTRONS determine CHEMICAL properties
- Different elements have different chemical properties because different electron configuration
- Isotopes have different physical properties because different number of neutrons
- Higher mass = higher density, melting and boiling point
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