Asthma Revision
- Created by: taylerlovelace
- Created on: 09-06-17 00:40
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- Asthma Case Study (pediatrics)
- Pathophysiology
- 1. Nathan has had a cough for several days & is febrile
- 2. His asthma is a secondary response to an viral infection
- 3. Subsequent localisation of IgE
- 4. Asthma type: Extrinsic Atopic asthma caused by allergens
- 3. Subsequent localisation of IgE
- 2. His asthma is a secondary response to an viral infection
- 1. Nathan has had a cough for several days & is febrile
- Underlying Cause of the Asthma
- 1. Exposed to Allergen on his camping trip
- 2. The antigens cross the bronchial epithelium
- 3. Engulfed by dendritic cells, which attract T helper 2 cells to the lungs
- 4. T 2 helper cells stimulate plasma cells to produce IgE
- 5. Binds to receptors on Mast cells to produce histamine, which causes vasodilation, oedema and bronchospasm
- 4. T 2 helper cells stimulate plasma cells to produce IgE
- 3. Engulfed by dendritic cells, which attract T helper 2 cells to the lungs
- 2. The antigens cross the bronchial epithelium
- 1. Exposed to Allergen on his camping trip
- Asthma Rating
- SEVERE
- Agitated, Increased work of breathing, Tachycardia, Marked limitation to talk
- SEVERE
- Paradoxical Chest Wall Movement
- 1. Inward movement on inspiration and outward movement on expiration
- 2. Significant negative inspiration pressures
- Muscle imbalance between respiratory muscles
- 2. Significant negative inspiration pressures
- 1. Inward movement on inspiration and outward movement on expiration
- Why do people develop Use of accessory muscles
- Intercostal, subcostal or sternal retraction reflects the negative pressure
- In young infants this could manifest to head bobbing
- Intercostal, subcostal or sternal retraction reflects the negative pressure
- Audible Wheeze
- Combined swelling, increased mucous production and bronchial hyper responsiveness causes airway constriction
- Breathing becomes difficult and as air passes through smaller spaces, a whistling sound appears
- Often expiratory but can be both inspiratory and expiratory
- Breathing becomes difficult and as air passes through smaller spaces, a whistling sound appears
- No Audible Wheeze?
- A tight chest might not wheeze at all
- Patients who are fatigued dont wheeze
- A sign of impending respiratory failure
- Patients who are fatigued dont wheeze
- A tight chest might not wheeze at all
- Combined swelling, increased mucous production and bronchial hyper responsiveness causes airway constriction
- Medications
- Salbutamol: Relief of reversible Bronchospasm
- Ipratropium: Chronic Asthma
- Aminophylline: Prevention of reversible bronchospasm
- Corticosteroid: Prophylactic management of asthma
- Action: Reverse the process of bronchial asthma
- Contraindications: Cataracts, Weight Gain, Oral thrush
- Action: Reverse the process of bronchial asthma
- Action: Non selective adenosine receptor antagonist
- Contraindications: Tachycardia, Tremor, Nausea
- Corticosteroid: Prophylactic management of asthma
- Action: Anticholinergic
- Contraindications: Headache, nausea, dry mouth
- Aminophylline: Prevention of reversible bronchospasm
- Action: Short acting B2 agonist, Smooth muscle relaxant
- Contraindications: Tachycardia, tremor
- Ipratropium: Chronic Asthma
- Salbutamol: Relief of reversible Bronchospasm
- Pathophysiology
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