Aristotle Key concepts

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  • Aristotle 384 - 322 BC
    • Eudaimonia
      • Translated as happiness or human flourishing.
      • Can only be achieved by living the 'Good Life'
        • The Good Life
          • The good life is one of contemplation.
          • We need to practise the virtues in order to make them a habit.
            • Practise = Habit
          • A good life is a virtuous one.
            • The 4 types of people:
              • Vicious: someone who does not want to be virtuous
              • Incontinent: Someone who isn't virtuous but knows they should be
              • Continent: someone who is virtuous but is not satisfied.
              • Virtuous: someone who wants to be good so does good.
      • Human flourishing is to be achieved by those whose lives are blessed.
        • Causation
          • Material Cause
          • Efficient Cause
          • Final Cause
          • Formal Cause
    • Teleological world view
      • In order to know why we do the things we do we must first know what our purpose is.
    • The community
      • We need to help those in our community by giving them opportunities to be virtuous and achieve eudaimonia.
      • Friendship:
        • Utility: These are our aqcuintances or people we need for something.
        • ******: These are our family or partners, intimate relations
        • Complete friendship: someone who makes you a better person.
    • Virtues
      • Cardinal Virtues
        • Fortitude
        • Temperance
        • Prudence
        • Justice
      • Intellectual Virtues
        • Primary
          • Scientific Knowledge
          • Art/Technial skill
          • Prudence
          • Wisdom
          • Intelligence/ intuition
        • Secondary
          • Cleverness
          • Resourcefullness
          • Understanding
          • Judgement
      • Moral  Virtues
        • Courage
        • Liberality
        • Temperance
        • Magnanimity
        • Magnificence
        • Right Ambition
        • Righteousness
        • Open mindedness
        • Friendliness
        • Wittiness
        • The Golden Mean
          • The golden mean is the right amount of each virtue.
          • It is finding the right balance between 2 vices of:
            • Excess
            • Deficiency
    • The Soul
      • There are 3 types of soul:
        • Rational
        • Vegatitive
        • Sensitive
      • We need all 3 to have a fully functioning soul.
        • We have a rational and irrational soul.
          • Rational = logic and reason (Intellectual virtues)
          • Irrational = needs/desires (Moral virtues)
    • Subordinate Aim: small aims done to achieve the superior aims.
      • Superior Aims: Bigger aims done to achieve Eudaimonia

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