Alcohol reactions
- Created by: aggy98
- Created on: 18-12-14 21:49
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- Alcohol reactions
- Combustion
- complete occurs when there is a plentiful supply of oxygen
- When complete combustion occurs, CO2 and water are produced
- The following is the balanced equation for the complete combustion of ethanol
- CH3(l)+1.5O2(g) --> CO2(g) + 2H2O(l)
- Reaction with sodium
- very similiar to the reaction of sodium with water, which produces sodium hydroxide and hydrogen gas. It is also a very volatile reaction.
- The reaction of alcohols and sodium is very similar to that with water, just less volatile. It reacts gently with ethanol to produce sodium ethoxide and hydrogen gas
- The balanced equation is as follows
- CH3CH2OH+ Na--> CH3CH2O(-)Na(+)
- Halide reaction
- alcohols react with hydrogen halides to produce halogenoalkanes.
- This is known as a substituition reaction- the hydroxyl group is replaced by a halogen atom from the halid
- The equation is as follows- C4H9OH+HCl ---> CH3CCH3ClCH3 + H2O
- this reaction occurs fastest with tertiary alcohols whilst more vigourous conditions are required for the slower reaction of primary alcohols
- Oxidation reactions with potassium manganate
- Oxidation of primary alcohols
- This involves two stages- the first oxidation produces an aldehyde and unless this is immediately distilled another reaction will occur and a carboxylic acid will be produced
- first stage is produces an aldehyde which can then be tested for and if present the indicator added will turn a blue/purple
- if the aldehyde distillate is allowed to fall back into the reacting mixture it will again oxidise to form a carboxylic acid which can be tested for and will turn yellow/orange when indicator is added
- it is not red because some aldehyde may still be present
- This involves two stages- the first oxidation produces an aldehyde and unless this is immediately distilled another reaction will occur and a carboxylic acid will be produced
- Oxidation of secondary alcohols
- There is only one stage involved in this reaction and it produces a ketone
- Reflux reaction
- tertiary alocohols do not react and thus do not get oxidised
- Oxidation of primary alcohols
- Combustion
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