Acids and Bases
- Created by: Emily Cartwright
- Created on: 29-03-14 16:26
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- Acids and Bases
- 'An acid is a compound that releases H+ ions in aqueous solution'
- 'An acid is a proton donor'
- Common Acids;
- Hydrochloric Acid: HCl
- Nitric Acid: HNO3
- Sulphuric Acid: H2SO4
- 'A base is a proton acceptor'
- Reactions of aqueous acids
- Neutralisation Reaction
- The negative ions from the acid are left unchanged in the reaction, it is the H+ ions from the acid that react with the base
- Acid + Metal Oxide -> Salt + Water
- An oxide ion accepts protons from the acid to form a salt and water
- Acid + Alkali -> Salt + Water
- Alkalis release OH- ions in aqueous solution. The hydroxide ion accepts a proton from the acid to form water and the salt is formed from the remaining ions
- Acid + Ammonia -> Ammonium Salt
- Ammonia is a base, accepting H+ to form an ammonium ion
- Acid + Carbonate -> Salt + Water + CO2
- Any carbonate will react with any aqueous acid to form a salt, carbon dioxide and water
- This type of reaction is accompanied by effervescence and the gas can be confirmed as CO2 by it's reaction with limewater
- This reaction can be used to;
- Test for the presence of a carbonate (by adding an acid)
- Test for the presence of an acid (by adding a carbonate)
- Acid + Metal -> Salt + Hydrogen(g)
- The H+ gains an electron to form elemental hydrogen. This is called a redox reaction
- Neutralisation Reaction
- 'A salt is a compound formed when the H+ ion from an acid is replaced by a metal ion or ammonium ion'
- 'An alkali is a soluble base'
- 'An acid is a compound that releases H+ ions in aqueous solution'
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