19th centuary public health
- Created by: sofia84
- Created on: 08-11-18 20:33
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- 19th century medicine
- Surgery
- introduction of anesthetics
- ether-difficult to inhale and was flammable
- Chloroform- safe and effective
- Opposition to anaesthetics
- Some patients died as it was not understood that different patients sizes needed different amounts eg, Hannah Greener death
- religious objections as pain was thought to be God's will
- army surgeons during Crimean war (1853-56) thought it was a part of the soldiers duty to deal with pain
- 1847-James Simpson discovered chloroform as an anaesthtic
- at first people opposed this due to religion as they believed God wished them to be in pain
- then queen Victoria made it popular when she used it to give birth
- at first people opposed this due to religion as they believed God wished them to be in pain
- Surgeries now took place in private hospitals rather than public theatres or houses
- introduction of anesthetics
- Key individuals
- Louis Pasteur
- 1860-1964 Introduced germ theory and disproved spontaneous geneation
- turning point in medicine
- However many anti-contagionists still believed in miasma
- 1860-1964 Introduced germ theory and disproved spontaneous geneation
- Joseph Lister
- revolutionised surgery
- 1867 discovered antiseptics based on Pasteur's germ theory
- used carbolic acid as an antiseptic
- however his ideas were criticised as many people opposed the germ theory as influential doctors at the time supported spontaneous generation
- Carbolic acid also was ineffective as it dried skin and irritated lungs
- still operated in street clothes
- SURGERY
- number of operations increased by 10%
- Robert Koch
- 1876, he identified specific germs which caused diseases such as cholera and typhoid.
- This disproved the idea that they were caused by miasma/dirt and supported Pasteur's Germ theory
- meant many diseases could be cured
- founder of bacteriology
- 1876, he identified specific germs which caused diseases such as cholera and typhoid.
- Louis Pasteur
- Public Health
- Industrialisation lead to poor conditions in the city
- such as poor working conditions, overcrowding and poor living conditions
- After cholera outbreaks in 1837-8 Chadwick was put in charge of an enquiry into living conditions & health of the poor
- Chadwick's report said that disease was caused by miasma but also highlighted need for clean water and government involvement with public health
- however gov didn't get involved as they believed in "laissez faire" ideas
- and MP's didn't want the expense of having to rebuild slum houses they rented out
- however gov didn't get involved as they believed in "laissez faire" ideas
- Chadwick's report said that disease was caused by miasma but also highlighted need for clean water and government involvement with public health
- during another cholera outbreak in 1854 20000 died and John snow realised that all victims lived near the Broad street water pump
- removed the water pump and outbreak stopped, Snow found that a street toilet had been leaking into the pump
- John Snow made link between disease and sanitation
- Despite this public health didn't improve so The Great Stnk
- removed the water pump and outbreak stopped, Snow found that a street toilet had been leaking into the pump
- The Great Stink- 1854
- heat wave caused foul smell from river Thames
- alarmed parliament and so they paid engineer to build new sewage system
- heat wave caused foul smell from river Thames
- 1875- Public health act
- 1867-working class men could finally vote so political parties had to improve conditions
- local councils appointed medical officers, councils ordered to build sewers, supply fresh water and collect rubbish
- 1867-working class men could finally vote so political parties had to improve conditions
- Industrialisation lead to poor conditions in the city
- Surgery
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