1.2 Development of Cold War
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- Created on: 20-08-18 16:44
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- 1.2 Development of the Cold War
- Truman Doctrine
- European Countries were nearly bankrupt
- 12 March 1947
- Economic Aid Package to Greece and Turkey
- 12 March 1947
- Communism (evil) and Capitalism (good)
- US Policy of Containment
- Communism was attractive to many European countries in ruins
- European Countries were nearly bankrupt
- Marshall Plan
- Provides economic aid to help war-torn countries and prevent communism
- Money was shared according to population and industrialisation
- UK - £3 billion
- France - £2 billion
- Other nations - £100 million
- Dollar Imperialism
- Soviets believed that USA was extending its influence in Europe and undermining the role of UN.
- Using money to divide Europe and create an American economic Empire
- Evidence to Stalin that USA was destroying USSR
- Soviets believed that USA was extending its influence in Europe and undermining the role of UN.
- Lured Western European countries to support USA
- No remains of Grand Alliance
- In response to Truman Doctrine and Marshall Plan:
- Cominform, 1947
- Political Organisation with 8 Soviet Satellite States and USSR
- Stalin able to direct and control governments of satellite states.
- Follow Communism
- Any orders from Moscow
- Stalin able to direct and control governments of satellite states.
- Political Organisation with 8 Soviet Satellite States and USSR
- Comecon, 1949
- Satellite states didn't accept Marshall Aid
- Keep their independence from Capitalist governments
- Soviet alternative of Marshall Plan
- Supported economic development in member states
- Trade and Credit Agreements between member countries
- Organise industrial planning across satellite states after 1953
- 5 Year Plan
- Nationalised Industry
- Collectivised Agriculture
- Supported economic development in member states
- Satellite states didn't accept Marshall Aid
- Cominform, 1947
- Provides economic aid to help war-torn countries and prevent communism
- 1948 Berlin Crisis
- Soviets wanted to exploit
- West wanted to rebuild Germany
- Trizonia
- Deutschmark (economic unity)
- Angered Stalin
- Two Germanys
- "Trying to force Soviet zone into poverty"
- Angered Stalin
- West wanted to rebuild Germany
- Test West determination
- West Berlin was vulnerable
- Soviet territory surrounds it
- 2 air routes and two land routes across East Germany to West Berlin
- Berlin Blockade of land routes
- Stalin wanted to show that a divided Germany would not work
- If successful, Stalin would win a huge propaganda campaign
- Possible Soviet Capital
- Western Allies launched the Berlin Airlift
- flew food, coal and other resources
- Berlin-Tempelhof
- Berlin-Tegel (airports)
- more than 170,000 tonnes of supplies sent into Berlin
- 9 May 1947 - Blockade lifted and airlift worked
- West Berlin survived
- West responded peacefully to an aggressive attempt
- Berlin Blockade of land routes
- Soviets wanted to exploit
- Formation of East and West Germany
- Federal Republic of Germany (West)
- Bundestag (new government) in 1949
- Founded 23 May 1949
- German Democratic Republic (East)
- Founded in October 1949 in response to west
- Only recognised by Eastern Bloc
- Federal Republic of Germany (West)
- North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO)
- Causes
- Stalin threat to Berlin
- Communist takeover in Czechoslovak
- Wanted to show determination to stand against comunism
- April 1949 - NATO founded
- if one was attacked, rest would help
- in response to NATO, Warsaw Pact was formed when West Germany joined NATO
- Threat to Soviet Union
- Leadership entirely Soviet
- Causes
- Truman Doctrine
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