The Nazi Regime: How Effectively Did the Nazis Control Germany, 1933-45?

Created by: Conrad Will
Created on: 16-04-14 16:37

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The Nazi Regime: How Effectively Did the Nazis Control Germany, 1933-45?
- How Much Opposition Was There to the Nazi Regime?
  - How Effectively did the Nazis Deal with Their Political Opponents?
    - Opposition Was Weak Under the Nazis
      - The Night of the Long Knives
        After the enabling Act, Hitler still had opposition - rivals within the Nazi party itself
        On the night of 29th June 1934, Hitler sent his own men to take out key opposition leaders - several hundred killed
        Ernst Rohm - commander of the SA (400,000 men)
        
        Strasser and von Schleicher
        
        Any potential opposition had been wiped out
        With Hindenburg's death a month later, Hitler assumed the Presidency as well and became Der Fuhrer
      - Thousands of those who did voice opposition were sent to concentration camps
      - Anti-Nazi activity had to be carried out in secret - it was difficult for groups to work together
      - Nazi propoganda persuaded most people that they were better off under Hitler
      - Most who disagreed with the Nazis were too afraid to voice their opinions and be at the mercy of the regime
    - Army Resistance Grew Dueing the War
      - As the War started to go badly, some believed Hitler was leading them to defeat
      - There had been plots against Hitler from army officers before the war, but these became more serious after defeats sty El Alamein and Stalingrad in 1942
      - One of the most famous plots was when Claus von Shauffenberg planted a bomb in a meeting room, but Hitler survived and most of the plotters were executed in 1944
    - The Nazis Overcame Most Resistance
      - How Much Opposition Was There to the Nazi Regime?
        How Effectively did the Nazis Deal with Their Political Opponents?
        Opposition Was Weak Under the Nazis
        The Night of the Long Knives
        After the enabling Act, Hitler still had opposition - rivals within the Nazi party itself
        On the night of 29th June 1934, Hitler sent his own men to take out key opposition leaders - several hundred killed
        Ernst Rohm - commander of the SA (400,000 men)
        
        Strasser and von Schleicher
        
        Any potential opposition had been wiped out
        With Hindenburg's death a month later, Hitler assumed the Presidency as well and became Der Fuhrer
        
        Thousands of those who did voice opposition were sent to concentration camps
        
        Anti-Nazi activity had to be carried out in secret - it was difficult for groups to work together
        
        Nazi propoganda persuaded most people that they were better off under Hitler
        
        Most who disagreed with the Nazis were too afraid to voice their opinions and be at the mercy of the regime
        
        Army Resistance Grew Dueing the War
        As the War started to go badly, some believed Hitler was leading them to defeat
        
        There had been plots against Hitler from army officers before the war, but these became more serious after defeats sty El Alamein and Stalingrad in 1942
        
        One of the most famous plots was when Claus von Shauffenberg planted a bomb in a meeting room, but Hitler survived and most of the plotters were executed in 1944
        
        The Nazis Overcame Most Resistance
        The Nazis banned Communist groups and sent many to concentration camps
        
        Some opposition came from religious groups, especially after Church land was confiscated
        
        Jehovah's Witnesses were prosecuted fore not supporting the regime, with many sent to camps
        
        Some opponents of the Reich Church joined together as the Confessing Church
        
        Catholic dissent was more widespread after 1937, when Pope Pius XI sent out a letter protesting of Nazi nationalism and racism
        
        Catholic protestors had some success in reducing Nazi interference with the Church
        
        Edelweiss Pirates
        Groups of rebellious young people who were difficult to control - 'Everlasting war on Hitler Youth'
        
        Many sided with the Allies - several were executed
        
        The White Rose
        Munich 1943 - a group of students under this title were arrested for passive resistance like distributing anti-Nazi leaflets
        Sophie and Hans School were executed among others
        
        Swing Kids
        A group that liked banned jazz music - they were a nuisance more than a threat
      - The Nazis banned Communist groups and sent many to concentration camps
      - Some opposition came from religious groups, especially after Church land was confiscated
      - Jehovah's Witnesses were prosecuted fore not supporting the regime, with many sent to camps
      - Some opponents of the Reich Church joined together as the Confessing Church
      - Catholic dissent was more widespread after 1937, when Pope Pius XI sent out a letter protesting of Nazi nationalism and racism
      - Catholic protestors had some success in reducing Nazi interference with the Church
    - Edelweiss Pirates
      - Groups of rebellious young people who were difficult to control - 'Everlasting war on Hitler Youth'
      - Many sided with the Allies - several were executed
    - The White Rose
      - Munich 1943 - a group of students under this title were arrested for passive resistance like distributing anti-Nazi leaflets
        Sophie and Hans School were executed among others
  - Swing Kids
    - A group that liked banned jazz music - they were a nuisance more than a threat
- How did the Nazis Use Culture, Propaganda and the Mass Media to Control the People?
  - Propoganda
    - Controlled media; used radio, film and posters to spread their messages
    - The Ministry of Public Enlightenment and Propaganda, headed by Joseph Goebbels
      - All culturists had to register to get their work approved
      - Censorship
        Books, newspapers and other material were censored
        All culturists had to register to get their work approved
        
        Those who published anti-Nazi material risked execution
        
        Used to encourage nationalism and anti-Semistism
        Patriotic composers like Wagner were praised but others like Mendelssohn were banned
    - Massive public rallies to present power and popularity
      - Also used the 1936 Berlin Olympics to generate international publicity
  - Censorship
    - Books, newspapers and other material were censored
    - Those who published anti-Nazi material risked execution
    - Used to encourage nationalism and anti-Semistism
      - Patriotic composers like Wagner were praised but others like Mendelssohn were banned
  - Police State
    - The ** - C.O Heinrich Himmler
      - The Gestapo
        Terrorised the public and cruelly deposed opposition
      - Terrorised the public and cruelly deposed opposition
    - Concentration Camps
      - Housed political prisoners and anyone else considered dangerous
    - Local Wardens
      - Effectively civilian 'snitches'
  - Diluting the Church
    - Agreement between the Church and the Nazis not to interfere with each other
    - Hitler tried to unite the different Protestant churches into one Reich Church
      - Some split off and formed the Confessing Church - many clergy were sent to concentration camps
- Why did the Nazis Persecute Many Groups in German Society?
  - Aryan Supremacy
    - Aryans are the master race and everyone else (Jews and Slaves in particular) are inferior
    - Jews and Communists are to blame for problems in German society
    - Eliminate all those who aren't 'pure' Aryans - the disabled, homosexuals etc.
    - Jesse Owens ****** off Hitler coz he black *****
  - The Persecution of the Jews
    - 1935 - Nuremberg Laws
      - Stopped Jews being German citizens
      - Banned marriage between Jews and non-Jews
      - Banned sexual relations between Jews and non-Jews
    - 1938 - the Night of the Broken Glass
      - A Jew murdered a German diplomat in Paris, November 1938
        Rioting throughout Germany - Jews were terrorised
    - Jews Moved to Ghettos
      - After invasions of Poland and Russia, more Jews came under Nazi control
        From 1940, Jews were forced into ghettos
        Conditions are terrible, starvation and disease were rife
      - 1942 - The Final Solution
        To destroy the Jewish people
        Death camps such as Auschwitz, equipped with gas chambers, were built all over Europe
        By the end of the war, approximately 6 million Jews had been murdered by the **'s Death's- Head units
        
        To destroy other groups such as blacks, homosexuals, the disabled and Communists
        Death camps such as Auschwitz, equipped with gas chambers, were built all over Europe
        By the end of the war, approximately 6 million Jews had been murdered by the **'s Death's- Head units
  - Jews Moved to Ghettos
    - After invasions of Poland and Russia, more Jews came under Nazi control
      - From 1940, Jews were forced into ghettos
        Conditions are terrible, starvation and disease were rife
    - 1942 - The Final Solution
      - To destroy the Jewish people
      - To destroy other groups such as blacks, homosexuals, the disabled and Communists

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The Nazi Regime: How Effectively Did the Nazis Control Germany, 1933-45?

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