Week 2: Neuro: resting neurone

?
What nervous system are sensory neurones apart of?
PNS
1 of 43
Where is a sensory neurones (a) cell body and (b) axon located?
a) PNS (b) CNS
2 of 43
What is a motor neurone part of in regards to nervous systems?
PNS
3 of 43
Where are a motors neurones (a) cell body and (b) axon located?
a) CNS. (b) PNS
4 of 43
What two main roles do interneurones do?
Integrate / change signals.
5 of 43
Where are interneurones located, in regards to nervous systems?
CNS
6 of 43
Where do interneurones (a) received info and (b) send info to and from?
a) Sensory (b) motor
7 of 43
For interneurons, what does the function 'change' mean?
Providing excitatory or inhibitory signals.
8 of 43
What is a neurones membrane made up of?
2 layers of lipid molecules
9 of 43
What does hydrophilic mean?
water loving
10 of 43
What is the opposite to hydrophilic?
hydrophobic
11 of 43
What part of the lipid molecule is hydrophobic?
tails
12 of 43
What is the function of the lipid molecule layers?
to act as a barrier against water soluble molecules
13 of 43
What does the fluid environment on a neurone contain?
ions
14 of 43
Why are ions important in nerve cells?
Their movement across the membrane is needed to generate neuronal signals.
15 of 43
What makes ions move?
Concentration gradient and electrical force
16 of 43
What are the four types of ion in the fluid environment of a nerve cell?
organic anions, chloride anions, sodium cations, potassium cations.
17 of 43
What two opposing balanced forces results in membrane potential?
Electrostatic pressure and diffusion
18 of 43
What is diffusion?
The movement of ions from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration.
19 of 43
What is electrostatic pressure?
An attraction and repulsion in which occurs due to the electric charge of ions that are present.
20 of 43
Differences in the concentration of ions between intra- and extracellular fluid causes ions to tend to..
Move from regions of high conc to regions of low conc
21 of 43
When is the neurone polarised?
At rest when neurones are negatively charged compared to extracellular fluid.
22 of 43
How do ions pass through the membrane?
Specialised proteins allow ion transport through the bilayer. e.g. channels and pumps.
23 of 43
What are ion channels / leak channels?
Passive ion specific conduits where selected ions rush down gradients.
24 of 43
What controls leak channels?
A gate
25 of 43
What are ion pumps?
Active transport border guards in which push selected ions against gradients.
26 of 43
What controls ion pumps?
2 gates
27 of 43
What is the net force of ion movement?
The combination of concentration and charge forces.
28 of 43
In resting neurons, where do Cl- ions go?
They do not move
29 of 43
What is the net force for Na+ ions?
They move into the cell due to electric charge attraction as the inside of the cell is -ve charge
30 of 43
Where are sodium ions highly concentrated, in relation to a nerve cell?
Outside the cell.
31 of 43
Where are chloride ions highly concentrated, in regards to nerve cells?
Outside the cell.
32 of 43
Why does the net force of chloride ions mean they remain outside the cell?
It is at equilibrium because it repels electric charge to move in whilst is capable to move in due to diffusion.
33 of 43
Where are K+ ions concentrated, in relation to the nerve cell?
Inside the cell.
34 of 43
What occurs in regards to K+ ions in a resting nerve cell?
Small amounts of K+ ions move out down the concentration gradient, but electrostatic pressure prevents many from leaving.
35 of 43
How does extracellular Na+ remain greatest?
Because sodium potassium transporters continually push Na+ out of the neurone and replace with K+ ions.
36 of 43
What is vital for sodium potassium pumps to work?
ATP
37 of 43
What is the resting membrane potential?
-70 mV
38 of 43
What two types of signals occur due to influx and efflux of ions when ion channels open?
Graded potential and Action potential
39 of 43
What occurs if Na+ channels open?
Na+ rushes in, changing membrane potential making the neurone more positive.
40 of 43
What occurs if K+ channels open?
K+ rushes out, changing membrane potential, making the neurone more negative.
41 of 43
Which ion can permeate the cell membrane when it is at rest?
Potassium
42 of 43
What is the voltage of the resting membrane potential of a. neurone?
- 70 mV
43 of 43

Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Where is a sensory neurones (a) cell body and (b) axon located?

Back

a) PNS (b) CNS

Card 3

Front

What is a motor neurone part of in regards to nervous systems?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Where are a motors neurones (a) cell body and (b) axon located?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What two main roles do interneurones do?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
View more cards

Comments

No comments have yet been made

Similar Psychology resources:

See all Psychology resources »See all Visual System resources »