water balance and kidneys

?
what are the 3 main ways water gets lost form the body?
-from lungs while breathing
-from skin in sweat
-in urine
1 of 18
what is urine made up of?
-excess water
-ions
-urea
2 of 18
what is urea/ how is it produced?
urea is a result of excess proteins being broken down in the liver
3 of 18
what is deamination?
the process where the amino groups are removed from amino acids (protein to amino acids to ammonia to urea)
4 of 18
why is it important that ammonia is immediately converted into urea and excreted from the body?
it is toxic
5 of 18
how do kidneys produce urine?
-ultra filtration
-selective reabsorbtion
-water levels are controlled
-left with urine
6 of 18
what is ultra filtration?
all small molecules are removed from the blood into the kidney tubules
7 of 18
what is selective reabsorbtion?
where useful substances are reabsorbed back into the blood
8 of 18
how does the body control water levels/ what happens if levels are low?
-ADH is released by the pituitary gland when receptors detect that the blood is too concentrated
-ADH binds to the tubules increasing their permeability
-so more water can be reabsorbed
9 of 18
what water levels are low and more water is reabsorbed how does this effect the urine?
-there will be less of it
-it will be more concentrated (less water)
10 of 18
what does hypertonic mean?
more concentrated solution
11 of 18
what does hypotonic mean?
less concentrated solution
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what does isotonic mean?
same concentration
13 of 18
how does dialysis work?
-patients blood passes over the partially permeable membrane of a dialysis tube
dialysis tube contains dialysis fluid with the correct concentration of ions, water, etc.
-any substances in excess in the blood diffuse into the dialysis fluid
-the blood wit
14 of 18
how else can kidney failure be treated?
kidney transplant
15 of 18
how can you prevent rejection of a donor organ?
-use a close tissue match (relative)
-take immunosupresents (can make you ill)
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what are the advantages and disadvantages of dialysis?
advantage: no shortage of machines
disadvantage: expensive in the long term, requires frequent treatment, controlled diet
17 of 18
what are the advantages and disadvantages of a kidney transplant?
advantages: only expensive initially, one time treatment, allows the patient to lead a normal life
disadvantages: short supply of donors/ long waiting list/ hard to find a match, must take anti-rejection medication for the rest of your life
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

what is urine made up of?

Back

-excess water
-ions
-urea

Card 3

Front

what is urea/ how is it produced?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

what is deamination?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

why is it important that ammonia is immediately converted into urea and excreted from the body?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
View more cards

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