Water

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  • Created by: 13aj
  • Created on: 13-04-17 15:43
What are the 6 steps to making water drinkable
1. Ground water,rivers produce water to reservoirs 2. Water stored in reservoir, solids settle to bottom. 3. Small particles are removed by filtration. 4. Chlorination kills the bacteria. 5. Clean water stored in tanks and water towers. 6. Water pass
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Is fluoride added to water supplies in Wales?
no
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Factories need water for...
cooling machinery
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Hygiene, we need water to...
keep clean and wash clothes
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Farms need water to...
grow food
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We need clean water...
to drink
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In dry conditions...
there isn't enough rain which puts a strain on water supply
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What are the ways to decrease our use of water?
1. use washing machines and dish washers only when full 2.have showers instead of baths. 3. use waste waters for plants and to wash cars 4. repair dripping taps 5. don't allow water to run exessively (e.g. when brushing teeth)
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What are the positives of adding fluorine to our tap water
helps strengthen children's teeth from decay
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What are the negatives to adding fluorine to our tap water
high concentration of fluoride can be poisonous and cause cancer. It can caused discolouring or decay of teeth (fluorisis). It can cause infertility. Some people oppose because they feel it's not right to force everyone to drink it without the indivi
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The comparison between areas that have been fluoridated with unfluoridated areas can be unfair without the consideration to other factors such as...
social and economic
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Fluoride is normally in...
toothpaste, mouthwash and sometimes added to special milk.
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It is possible to desalinate... to supply drinking water
sea water
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To desalinate sea water...
distillation of sea water by boiling is used
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Boling uses large amounts of... which is costly... .
energy. costly
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For a country to use desalination, they need to ensure that...
a renewable means of creating heat energy where no carbon dioxide is produced and a sea nearby
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Water boils at... and ethanol boils at...
100 78
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What is distillation
seperating water and miscible liquids
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What is miscible
when two liquids mix together easily without seperating
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In a mixture of ethanol and water, the... would boil and evaporate first (as it has the lower boiling point) leaving the... behind. The... would condense on the cold wall of the condenser
ethanol. water. ethanol
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Water and ethanol mixed together are...
miscible
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Soluble solids dissolve more... when heated
readily
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Every solid has a different rate of...
solubility
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A... is the max amount of solid that will dissolve at a particular temperature
saturated solution
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Solubility is measured in...
100g water
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Rf Value=
Rf Value=
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What are the types of drinking water
Hard water and soft water
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If... passes along... on its way to a reservoit,... will collect in the water. Other ions such as... can also collect in wtaer
rainwater. limestone (calcium carbonate) rocks. calcium ions . Magnesium ions
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It's the additional... that make water hard
ions
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Soap in hard water does not...,... is formed
readily lather. scum
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What are the two types of hard water
temporary hard water and permanently hard water
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What ions form temporary hard water
calcium and magnesium hydrogen carbonates
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How do we remove the hardness of temporary hard water
by boiling the water, which decomposes the hydrogen carbonates and the magnesium and calcium become magnesium carbonate which are insoluble
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When... exist in water, it is called permanently hard water
insoluble calcium and magnesium sulfates
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Name the first way we can treat permanently hard water
by adding sodium carbonate
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.
.
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Name the second way we can treat permanently hard water
Ion exchange column
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When hard water is passed along... within a container, the... in hard water are attracted and held there, they are replaced by... and then the water leaves the container...
negatively charged particles. positive ions of magnesium and calcium. sodium ions. soft
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What are the advantages of hard water
1.Strengthens teeth 2.Reduces risk of heart disease 3.Some people prefer the taste of hard water
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What are the disadvantages of hard water
1. Lime scale on kettles make them less efficient at boiling water and therefore waste energy. Hot water pipes can also block up with lime scale. 2. Removing scale can be expensive. 3. More soap is needed with hard water. 4. Ion exchange units need t
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What is a buret
apparatus used to measure the amount of soap solution needed.
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Soap soluction is added every... to the water and the... is shaken to try and form... . When the... , the soap solution is added every... until it stays permanently. Th amount of soap solution can by determined by the...
1cm . conical flask. lather (bubbles). lather starts to form. 0.5cm . buret
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Does soft water lather easily/slowly
lathers easily, little amount of soap solution is used
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Does hard water lather easily/slowly
lathers slowly, more soap solution is needed.
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If two samples of water seem to be hard water and you want to determine if they are... you... the water and then use the same experiment described on the other card. If water is still... , it means the water is...
permanently or temporarily hard. boil. difficult to lather. permanently hard
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Is fluoride added to water supplies in Wales?

Back

no

Card 3

Front

Factories need water for...

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Hygiene, we need water to...

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Farms need water to...

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
View more cards

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