What is situation ethics based on and who said 'Justice is love evenly distributed'?
Agape love and Joseph Fletcher
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What does situation ethics replace 'Good' in the hedonic calculus with?
Love
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When did Bentham write?
The 18th century
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What are the 7 things in the hedonic calculus?
Intensity, duration, remoteness, certainty, purity, extent and fecundity (Chance it will be followed by other pleasures)
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What was Bentham? (H)
Hedonist
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What is the principle of utility?
The rightness or wrongness of an action is based on its usefulness.
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What kind of theory is utilitarianism?
Telelogical
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What are the four things Fletcher bases situation ethics on?
Pragmatism- Which works for the best. Relativism- Love is the only absolute. Positivism- Important to act in accordance with love. Personal ism- Humans should be put first.
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What does relativism entail?
Actions taken relate to the situation.
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Why do we desire pleasure and avoid pain?
Nature. We are rules by two 'sovereign masters'
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What did John Stewart Mill believe?
The individual is important. Focus on qualitative pleasures.
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What are some examples of higher pleasures?
Using your brain- Reading a book, playing chess.
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What are some examples of lower pleasures?
Taking drugs, having sex, eating junk food.
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'It is better to be . ..... dissatisfied than a ... satisfied'
Human and Pig/ Socrates and fool.
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How does rule establish its rules?
Looks at if the whole community follow a rule, it bringing the greatest happiness.
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What problem do both act and rule still have?
They both could allow any conceivable action- Rule can still allow bad things to be voted in as rules.
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What does preference focus on?
Peoples best interests.
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What is a benefit of preference?
The minority cannot be sacrificed.
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What are 3 problems with utilitarianism?
Fails to consider views on what different happiness is. Difficult to measure pleasure. Relies on knowledge of consequences.
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Explain RICHNESS
Whether it is a lone pleasure or brings many joys.
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Explain PURITY
How free from pain an action is
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Explain EXTENT
How many people it affects.
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What type of theory is utilitarianism?
Teleological.
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What does RM Hare say?
Shouldn't always keep a rule it doesn't provide the greatest happiness.
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What is an example of adultery you could use?
A mother is committed to a concentration camp. Pregnant women are considered a liability and released. The mother found a sympathetic guard who impregnated her so she could go home and be with her children.
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What would act say about embryo research?
Embryos at this early stage do not have the capacity to feel pain, therefore cannot be calculated into the calculus, therefore this is morally valid.
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What are the benefits of embryo research?
Hoped stem cells can be developed to simulate tissue or organ, allowing treatments for Alzheimers for example.
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What would Mill say about embryo reaserch?
Allow because they cannot feel higher or lower pleasures and have no autonomy.
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What would rule utilitarianism say?
Complicated, as the rule is to value people but this then raises the question of personhood.
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To have a good answer...
Need to use examples, be thorough, accurate and relevant. Always reference the question. Show understanding.
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To have a good answer....;
Well focused, reasoned with different views explained. Critical analysis. Evaluated.
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Who was Jeremy Bentham?
Social reformist who developed utilitarianism.
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What were Mills 2 problems with utilitarianism?
Any conceivable action and pleasure is qualitative, not quantitative.
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
What is situation ethics based on and who said 'Justice is love evenly distributed'?
Back
Agape love and Joseph Fletcher
Card 3
Front
What does situation ethics replace 'Good' in the hedonic calculus with?
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