Urban processes
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- Created by: Evie :)
- Created on: 01-02-22 19:40
what is suburbanisation
The movement of people from living in the central parts of a city to living on the outer edges
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What are the effects of suburbanisation
- leads to urban sprawl(outward movement of cites further into the country)
- environmental issues, due to building on green land
- new infrastructure needs to be built
- CBDs are starved of investment and wealthy residents
- environmental issues, due to building on green land
- new infrastructure needs to be built
- CBDs are starved of investment and wealthy residents
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How is suburbanisation caused
- Land in the city centre locations demands higher prices/ cheaper in suburbs
- cleaner areas in suburbs
- Amenities are in suburbs(retail parks, schools, doctors)
- cleaner areas in suburbs
- Amenities are in suburbs(retail parks, schools, doctors)
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what is counter urbanisation
The movement of people from large urban areas into smaller urban areas/ rural areas
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effects of counter urbanisation
- suffering of the young population,as they can't afford homes due to rising prices
- People moving into homes are usually middle class, working age families
- Demand for property increases, so new housing developments are built
- People moving into homes are usually middle class, working age families
- Demand for property increases, so new housing developments are built
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Causes of counter urbanisation
- easily accessible,e.g, Brough is on the side of the A63 linking to the M62, so people are connected to various big cities
- Brough is also close to a popular school, so counter urbanised areas are close to ammenities
- Brough is also close to a popular school, so counter urbanised areas are close to ammenities
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What is re urbanisation
People and businesses move back to urban centres following improvements being made
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effects of re urbanisation (positive)
- new shops/ services open, reducing unemployment
- tourism increases
- tourism increases
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effects or re urbanisation (negative)
- demand for properties increases and values increase in central areas as people move closer to their places of work
- Tension between residents
-shops/ services cater to newer and wealthier residents
- Tension between residents
-shops/ services cater to newer and wealthier residents
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Causes (reasons for improvements)
- Increased rates of crime
- pollution/ vandalism
- Lack of open spaces
- Overcrowding
- low incomes/ poverty/ unemployment
- pollution/ vandalism
- Lack of open spaces
- Overcrowding
- low incomes/ poverty/ unemployment
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What is gentrification?
The buying and renovating of properties in run down areas by wealthier individuals
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Why does it occur?
- Increased commuting costs
- In order to rebrand a community and make it 'edgy'/ some people who renovate have a 'pioneer image' and encourage others to follow (improves the image of inner cities)
- In order to rebrand a community and make it 'edgy'/ some people who renovate have a 'pioneer image' and encourage others to follow (improves the image of inner cities)
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What are the signs that gentrification has occurred in an area?
- Higher levels of double glazing
- Independent coffee shops/ street art
- Gyms/ fitness studios
- Small boutiques
- Trendy bars/ restaurants
- Homes converted into small apartments
- Independent coffee shops/ street art
- Gyms/ fitness studios
- Small boutiques
- Trendy bars/ restaurants
- Homes converted into small apartments
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Positive impacts of gentrification
- Housing improved (double glazing, central heating, inside toilets)
- Values of houses increase
- New businesses to cater for wealthier residents, creating jobs for lower and middle class
- Values of houses increase
- New businesses to cater for wealthier residents, creating jobs for lower and middle class
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Negative impacts of gentrification
- High demand for housing/ landlords can demand more money from tenants or sell property
- Children of og homeowners may be unable to afford a property
-Trad shops shut down (chaz shops/ laundry)/ replaced with shops wealthier desire
Tension between local
- Children of og homeowners may be unable to afford a property
-Trad shops shut down (chaz shops/ laundry)/ replaced with shops wealthier desire
Tension between local
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What is decentralisation
The movement of a population from urban centres to outlying areas
It incorporates counter urbanisation and suburbanisation
It incorporates counter urbanisation and suburbanisation
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What is deindustrialisation
The closing of industry and loss of jobs in the manufacturing sector
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What were Leeds, Sheffield and Glasgow famous for in the 1800s and 1900s
leeds, textiles industry
sheffield, steel industry
glasgow, shipbuilding
sheffield, steel industry
glasgow, shipbuilding
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What had happened to these cities by the 1980s
They experiences a severe economic decline along with other old industrial cities, as a result of the decline of the manufacturing industry
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Causes of manufacturing decline
Mechanisation
Production of products using machines rather than humans, so lower workforce number was required
Production of products using machines rather than humans, so lower workforce number was required
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....
Competition
other countries could produce the same goods, much cheaper (e.g, China, production moved overseas)
other countries could produce the same goods, much cheaper (e.g, China, production moved overseas)
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...
Reduced demand for traditional products,
some have become outdated due to new techniques
some have become outdated due to new techniques
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What is the negative multiplier effect
The downward spiral of events that follow the decline of investment in a region such as decreased spending, the loss of other jobs and out migration
This is an example of positive feedback
This is an example of positive feedback
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What is conurbation
An extended urban area where a large urban area merges with other villages and towns
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Effects of conurbation
Huge urban agglomerations (Greater London/ West Midlands and greater Manchester) form, so boundaries of individual towns/cities are hard to identify
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What is studentification
The process of change affected by large numbers of students invading particular areas where universities are located
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Characteristics of areas where this process has happened
There are houses where students live owned by landlords, which contain rented rooms and a communal living area
These are within walking distance, or a short bus journey from a major uni
These are within walking distance, or a short bus journey from a major uni
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What are the signs of this process
-A change in demographic of the area
-To let boards of student accommodation companies covering a large proportion of the street
-many pubs bars stores and takeaways
-To let boards of student accommodation companies covering a large proportion of the street
-many pubs bars stores and takeaways
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What are the communities opinions of this
It isn’t well liked by the community as it can lead to many social and environmental issues in the neighbourhood
(Noise and antisocial behaviour)
(Noise and antisocial behaviour)
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
What are the effects of suburbanisation
Back
- leads to urban sprawl(outward movement of cites further into the country)
- environmental issues, due to building on green land
- new infrastructure needs to be built
- CBDs are starved of investment and wealthy residents
- environmental issues, due to building on green land
- new infrastructure needs to be built
- CBDs are starved of investment and wealthy residents
Card 3
Front
How is suburbanisation caused
Back
Card 4
Front
what is counter urbanisation
Back
Card 5
Front
effects of counter urbanisation
Back
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