Urban issues and challenges

?
Low Income Country (LIC)
A country with a GNI per capita of $1045 or below
1 of 28
High Income Country (HIC)
A country with a GNI per capita of $12,746 or above
2 of 28
Newly Emerging Economies (NEEs)
Countries that have begun to experience high rates of economic development, usually with rapid industrialisation (such as Brazil, Russia, China and South Africa)
3 of 28
Economic Impact
The effect of an event on the wealth of an area or community
4 of 28
Environmental Impact
The effect of an event on the landscape and ecology of the surrounding area
5 of 28
Social Impact
The effect of an event on the lives or people or community
6 of 28
Brownfield
Land that has been used, abandoned, and now awaits some new use. Commonly found across urban areas, particularly in the inner city
7 of 28
Dereliction
Abandoned buildings and wasteland
8 of 28
Economic Oportunities
Chances for people to improve their standard of living through employment
9 of 28
Greenfield Site
A plot of land, often in a rural or on the edge of an urban area that has not yet been subject to any building development
10 of 28
Inequalities
Differences between poverty and wealth, as well as in peoples' wellbeing and access to things like jobs, housing and education
11 of 28
Integrated Transport System
When different transport methods connect together, making journeys smoother and therefore public transport more appealing
12 of 28
Megacity
An urban area with a total population in excess of ten million people
13 of 28
Migration
When people move from one area to another. In many LICs people move from rural to urban areas (rural-urban migration)
14 of 28
Natural Increase
The birth rate minus the death rate of a population
15 of 28
Pollution
The presence of chemicals, noise, dirt or other substances which have a harmful or poisonous effects on environemt
16 of 28
Rural-Urban Fringe
A zone of transition between the built-up area and the countryside, where there is often competition for land use
17 of 28
Sanitation
Measures designed to protect public health, including the provision of clean water and the disposal of sewage and waste
18 of 28
Social Deprivation
The degree to which an individual or an area is deprived of services, decent housing, adequate income and local employment
19 of 28
Social Opportunities
Chances for people to improve their quality of life, for instance access to education and health care
20 of 28
Squatter Settlements
An area of poor-quality housing, lacking in amenities such as water supply, sewerage and electricity, which often develops spontaneously and illegally in a city in an LIC
21 of 28
Sustainable Urban Living
A sustainable city is one in which there is a minimal damage to the environment, the economic base is sound with resources allocated fairly and jobs secure, and there is a strong sense of community, with local people involved in decisions made
22 of 28
Traffic Congestion
Occurs when there is too great a volume of traffic for roads to cope with, so traffic jams form and traffic slows to a crawl
23 of 28
Urban Greening
The process of increasing and preserving open space such as public parks and gardens in urban areas
24 of 28
Urbanisation
The process by which an increasing percentage of a country's population comes to live in towns and cities. Rapid urbanisation is a feature of many LICs and NEEs
25 of 28
Urban Regeneration
The revival of old parts of the built-up area by either installing modern facilities in old buildings (renewal), or opting for redevelopment (i.e. demolishing existing buildings and starting afresh)
26 of 28
Urban Sprawl
The unplanned growth of urban areas into the surrounding countryside
27 of 28
Waste Recycling
The process of extracting and reusing useful substances found in waste
28 of 28

Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

A country with a GNI per capita of $12,746 or above

Back

High Income Country (HIC)

Card 3

Front

Countries that have begun to experience high rates of economic development, usually with rapid industrialisation (such as Brazil, Russia, China and South Africa)

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

The effect of an event on the wealth of an area or community

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

The effect of an event on the landscape and ecology of the surrounding area

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
View more cards

Comments

No comments have yet been made

Similar Geography resources:

See all Geography resources »See all Urban environments resources »