- the rate of urban change is fastest in NEEs
- it is slower in HICs
- this is because in HICs, everyone has already moved in 1750 - 1900 whereas urbanisation is only happening now in NEEs
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push factor =
something that makes you want to move away from an area
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pull factor =
something that makes you want to move somewhere
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examples of push factors
- bad communication
- no jobs
- poor sanitation
- bad hygiene
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examples of pull factors
- more money from jobs
- better sanitation
- better housing
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rural to urban migration
people moving from the countryside to cities causing cities to grow
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natural increase
when there are more births than deaths per thousand per year
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megacity
a city that has 10 million people or more
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why are there more and more mega cities?
- rural to urban migration is increasing
- cities provide more and more essential things like healthcare and education
- gives adults more opportunities for work
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where is rio?
- along the south easy coast of Brazil
- south america
- on the tropic of Capricorn
- next to the south Atlantic ocean
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why is Rio important regionally?
- lots of healthcare which raises life expectancy
- 70000 students in the federal uni
- more people get educations and therefore better jobs
- big harbourW which provides jobs for locals
- tourism creates jobs
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Why is Rio important nationally?
- oil and has is mass produced
- jobs at esso and shell boost economy
- provides services for 42% Brazil's population - all live in Rio
- home of politics - used to be capital city
lots of Brazilian culture comes from there
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Why is Rio important internationally?
- trade gas and oil with companies like petrobras which benefits the economy
- 3 million tourists visit every year, makes it more recognisable
- hosts international tournaments like the olympics
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causes of Rios growth
- rural to urban migration
-has facilities, so people are attracted to rio
- large companies bring international migration
- natural increase
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why is health a social opportunity in rio
- infant mortality rates are lower in Rio than anywhere else in Brazil
- gives more babies opportunity to work boosting economy
- less sick, better quality of life
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why is education a social opportunity in rio?
- 6 major universities
- 100 primary school
- children get degrees they need for better jobs in the future
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why is water a social opportunity in rio?
-95% of rio population has access to water
- new water plants have been made
- means more people can worry about education instead of a water supply
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why is energy a social opportunity?
- even people living in the poorest parts of Rio have access to electricity
- can focus on education and jobs
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why is the informal sector a economic opportunity?
- people with no qualifications can get jobs
- gives people with poorer backgrounds a chance to get paid
- 170 million of Rios economy
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why is industry an economic opportunity?
- without companies like petrobras, jobs would be lost
- economy would drop
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what are the 5 challenges that Rio faces
- slums and squatter settlements
- providing services (water, sanitation, energy)
- providing access to services ( health and education)
- reducing unemployment and crime
- managing environmental issues
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squatter settlements and slums
- overcrowded
- they have no legal rights
- people build there own homes - unsafe
- often on a hill, liable to landslides
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providing services (water, sanitation, energy)
- doesn't have time or money to provide services
- illegal electricity
- poor sanitation
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providing access to services (health and education)
-drug gangs cause panic and violence
- 25% of the population didn't go to school
- people don't get an education and so are unemployed
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managing environmental issues
- no sewers
- disease spreads through sewage
- people burn rubbish causing pollution
- rubbish on the streets
- streets are narrow
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how successful was the favela bairro project
- somewhat a success in improving lives of the poor
- installed a cable car to the centre of Ipanella and gave residents a free return ticket
- gives residents access to richer part of city
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
push factor =
Back
something that makes you want to move away from an area
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