Unit one, section B

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  • Created by: ellamwood
  • Created on: 13-12-22 16:58
list the characteristics of cardiac muscles
involuntary, do not fatigue, found in the walls of the heart, straind tissue with own blood supply, contractions force blood through the blood vessels
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list the characteristics of skeletal muscles
voluntary, can become fatigue from lactic acid, generate heat and structure, primarily used for movement, pull bones to create movement, connected to skeleton via tendons
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list the characteristics of smooth muscles
involuntary, slow contractions, in the walls of the digestive system, helps with vasoconstriction and vasodilation, helps regulate digestion and blood pressure, controlled by nervous system
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list the muscles in the arms (shoulder to fingers)
deltoid, biceps, triceps, supinator, pronator, wrist flexors, wrist extensors
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list the muscles in the midline of the body (neck to hips)
pectorals, abdominals, external obliques, erector spinae, trapezius, latissimus dorsi, gluteals
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list the muscles of the legs (hips to toes)
hip flexors, quadriceps, tibialis anterior, hamstring, gastrocnemius, soleus
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what function do biceps do?
flexion of the lower arm
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what function do triceps do?
extension of the lower arm
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what function do supinators do?
supination of the palm upwards
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what function do pronators do?
pronation of the palm face down
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what function do wrist flexors do?
flexion of the wrist
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what function do wrist extensors do?
extension of the wrist
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what function do trapezius do?
elevation and depression of the scapula
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what function do deltoids do?
abduction and extension of the shoulder
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what function do pectorals do?
adduction of the arm
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what function do latissimus dorsi do?
extension and adduction of the lower arm
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what function do external obliques do?
flexion of the trunk laterally
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what function do abdominals do?
flexion and rotation of the lumbar region
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what function do erector spinae do?
extension of the spine
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what function do gluteals do?
abduction of the legs
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what function do quadriceps do?
extension of the lower leg
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what function do hamstring do?
flexion of the leg
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what function do hip flexors do?
adduction of the leg and flexion of the hip
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what function do tibialis anterior do?
dorsiflexion of the ankel
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what function do soleus do?
plantarflexion of the ankle
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what function do gastrocnemius do?
plantarflexion of ankle and flexion of the kneww
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what is an agonist?
the muscle that shortens, is the prime mover, and is responsible for movement
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what is the antagonist?
the muscle that relaxes and is responsible for the opposite movement
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what is the synergist?
the muscles that work together to enable agonists to operate effectively, controlling and directing the movement
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what is the fixator?
the muscles that stop any unwanted movement in the body by stabilising the joint and origin
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what happens when a weight is added to an antagonistic muscle pair?
the antagonist and agonist of the upward movement will be the exact same as the pair for the downward movement
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what 4 muscles make us the agonist, antagonist, synergist and fixator of a bicep curl?
biceps, triceps, deltoids, and trapezius
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what 4 muscles make us the agonist, antagonist, synergist and fixator of the shoulder of a push up?
pectorals, trapezius, deltoid, abdominals
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what 4 muscles make us the agonist, antagonist, synergist and fixator of the elbow of a push up?
triceps, biceps, deltoids, abdominals
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concentric muscle contraction characteristics
muscle shortens in contraction, is the positive phase of contraction, dynamic contraction, becomes isotonic
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eccentric muscle contraction characteristics
muscle lengthens with contraction, occurs when controlling movement, is the negative phase of contraction, dynamic contraction, becomes isotonic
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isometric muscle contraction characteristics
muscle contracts but does not shorten or lengthen, rapidly leads to fatigue, static contraction, usually held positions
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type 1 muscle fibre characteristics
contract slowly, low force of contraction, aerobic, high resistance to fatigue, rich blood supply
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type 11a muscle fibre characteristics
fast contractions, medium force of contraction, aerobic and anaerobic, medium resistance to fatigue, suited to speed and power
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type 11x muscle fibre characteristics
very fast contractions, high force of contraction, anaerobic, low resistance to fatigue, recruited for high intensity activity
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which response to a singular sport is due to chemical reaction waste product being emitted after making energy to fuel the working muscles?
increased muscle temperature
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which response to a singular sport is due to muscles being warmed to make them less susceptible to injury?
increased muscle pliability
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which response to a singular sport is pain felt 24-48 hours after exercise caused by microtears in the muscles?
delayed onset of muscle soreness
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which adaptation is when adaption occurs due to overloading to increase flexibility and strength to manage increased forces on the muscles
increased tendon strength
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which adaptation is when muscle fibres get bigger, it allows more aerobic energy to be created as their creator becomes bigger and more popular?
increase in mitochondria
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which adaptation is responsible for binding and storing oxygen in blood to create more energy in mitochondria?
increased myoglobin store
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what are the two additional factors that affect our muscular system
age and cramp
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how does age affect our muscles?
become less toned, less able to contract, rigid, and lack power
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how does cramp affect our muscles?
creates tightness and strong painful contractions from dehydration, inadequate supply of blood, reduced supply of oxygen and general minerals
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

list the characteristics of skeletal muscles

Back

voluntary, can become fatigue from lactic acid, generate heat and structure, primarily used for movement, pull bones to create movement, connected to skeleton via tendons

Card 3

Front

list the characteristics of smooth muscles

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

list the muscles in the arms (shoulder to fingers)

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

list the muscles in the midline of the body (neck to hips)

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
View more cards

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