Cardiovascular system

What are coronary arteries (1)

The blood vessells that supply oxygenated blood to the heart muscle

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Name the 4 major blood vessells in the body and state what each one does.(4)

Aorta - takes blood away from the heart. Vena Cava (superior and inferior), returns blood to heart. Pulmonary artery - takes blood to lungs. Pulmonary artery - takes blood from lungs to left side of heart

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Name the 5 types of blood vessels in the correct order starting (5) from when blood leaves the heart.

Arteries; Arterioles; Capillaries; Veins; Venules

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Draw the double circulatory system (5)

Include: Pulmonary and systemic systems; oxygen side; labels in the heart; arrows all correct

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What is the blood composed of? State the function of each component.(4)

Plasma - to carry all the other components of blood; Red blood cells - contain haemoglobin to carry oxygen; White blood cells - to fight infections; Platelets - create blood clots and prevent blood loss.

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Name the 5 functions of the cardiovascular system (5)

1. Deliver oxygen and nutrients 2. Removal of waste products e.g. carbon dioxide 3. Thermoregulation 4. Fight infection using white blood cells 5. Clotting blood using platelets

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Explain how the CV system controls the body temperature (thermoregulation) (3)

It does this by moving the blood nearer to the skin surface. Vasodilation of blood vessels leading to the skin to get more blood their so heat can escape. Vasoconstriction of blood vessels leading to other areas of the body.

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Explain nervous control of the cardiac cycle (5)

SA node creates an initial impulse makes atria contract. AV node creates a second impulse. This travels down Bundle of His. It spreads across the bottom of the heart in the Purkinje fibres. This causes the ventricles to contract.

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Explain how the nervous system increases heart rate during exercise (5)

Chemoreceptors detect increases in CO2. Proprioreceptors detect increases in movement. These messages are sent to the medulla oblongata in the brain. Sympathetic nerve takes message to SA node. Heart rate increases. More oxygen to muscles.

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What are the 5 responses of the CV system to a single exercise session (5)

Anticipatory rise of heart rate; Increaesed heart rate during exercise; Increased cardiac output; Increased blood pressure; Redirection of blood flow (more blood to muscles)

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What is a typical blood pressure reading (include the units) (2)

120/80 mmHg (systolic reading over the diastolic reading)

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What are the 7 adaptations of the CV system following long term exercise (7)

1. Cardiac Hypertrophy 2. Increase in stroke volume 3. Decrease in resting heart rate 4. Reduction in resting blood pressure 5. Decreased heart rate recovery time 6. Capillarisation 7. Increase in blood volume

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What is 'sudden arrhythmic death syndrome (SADS) (3)

Genetic heart condition - hearts normal rhythm becomes disrupted and the heart can stop beating.

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What is hypertension? (3)

High blood pressure - can be dangerous especially when exercising. Usually caused by a build up of bad cholestrol

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What is hypotension? (2)

Low blood pressure - Can mean your body doesnt respond as well to exercise and you can feel dizzy or tired

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What are hyperthermia and hypothermia? (2)

Hyperthermia - high body temp. Hypothermia - low body temp

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Cardiovascular system

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