Unit 3 Applied Science Experimental Methods
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- Created by: kaylee17ne
- Created on: 10-11-23 11:29
Hypothesis:
As light intensity increases, more ______ bubbles are released, indicating the rate of ___________ has increased
As light intensity increases, more ______ bubbles are released, indicating the rate of ___________ has increased
As light intensity increases, more oxygen bubbles are released, indicating the rate of photosynthesis has increased
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What equipment is needed?
Pond weed, boiling tube, water, lamp, ruler, timer, heat shield (justify the use of this equipment in the exam)
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Procedure:
1. Leave the pondweed for _ minutes to reach the new light intensity
2. Count the number of bubbles given off in _ minutes
1. Leave the pondweed for _ minutes to reach the new light intensity
2. Count the number of bubbles given off in _ minutes
1. Leave the pondweed for 5 minutes to reach the new light intensity
2. Count the number of bubbles given off in 1 minute
2. Count the number of bubbles given off in 1 minute
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3. Move the lamp __cm further back
4. Leave the pondweed for _ minutes to reach the new light intensity
5. Count number of bubbles given off in _ minutes
4. Leave the pondweed for _ minutes to reach the new light intensity
5. Count number of bubbles given off in _ minutes
3. Move the lamp 10cm further back
4. Leave the pondweed for 5 minutes to reach the new light intensity
5. Count the number of bubbles given off in 1 minute
4. Leave the pondweed for 5 minutes to reach the new light intensity
5. Count the number of bubbles given off in 1 minute
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6. Repeat by moving the lamp away by __cm intervals until __cm is reached
7. Repeat so ____ sets of data have been collected and calculate _____ for different light intensities
7. Repeat so ____ sets of data have been collected and calculate _____ for different light intensities
6. Repeat by moving the lamp away by 10cm intervals until 50cm is reached
7. Repeat so three sets of data have been collected and calculate means for different light intensities
7. Repeat so three sets of data have been collected and calculate means for different light intensities
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What are two risks and hazards?
Care with glassware
Light source can get hot
Light source can get hot
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CVs: ____ and _____ of pondweed, ______ of water, _________
DV: number of bubbles of ______ given off in 1 minute
IV: _______ from light source from pondweed (10-50cm)
DV: number of bubbles of ______ given off in 1 minute
IV: _______ from light source from pondweed (10-50cm)
CVs: species and size of pondweed, volume of water, temperature
DV: number of bubbles of oxygen given off in 1 minute
IV: distance from light source from pondweed (10-50cm)
DV: number of bubbles of oxygen given off in 1 minute
IV: distance from light source from pondweed (10-50cm)
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How should the data be analysed?
Collect results in table
Circle anomalies
Calculate means excluding anomalies
Graph
Draw conclusion against hypothesis
Circle anomalies
Calculate means excluding anomalies
Graph
Draw conclusion against hypothesis
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Hypothesis:
As the temperature is increased, the rate of diffusion of the food coloring in the skittle will _______
As the temperature is increased, the rate of diffusion of the food coloring in the skittle will _______
As the temperature is increased, the rate of diffusion of the food coloring in the skittle will increase (use scientific reasoning in exam)
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What equipment is needed?
The bottom half of a petri dish
Dark-coloured skittles
Water at different temperatures
Thermometers
Graph paper
Heat proof mat
Waste beaker
Dark-coloured skittles
Water at different temperatures
Thermometers
Graph paper
Heat proof mat
Waste beaker
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Procedure:
1. Place the petri dish on the heatproof mat and graph paper, draw an _ in the middle of paper
2. Pour __mm3 in petri dish, allow it to become still
3. Measure temperature using _________
1. Place the petri dish on the heatproof mat and graph paper, draw an _ in the middle of paper
2. Pour __mm3 in petri dish, allow it to become still
3. Measure temperature using _________
1. Place the petri dish on the heatproof mat and graph paper, draw an X in the middle of paper
2. Pour 20mm3 in petri dish, allow it to become still
3. Measure temperature using thermometer
2. Pour 20mm3 in petri dish, allow it to become still
3. Measure temperature using thermometer
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4. Place skittle in centre of petri dish, put it on top of the X on the paper, start the __________
5. Measure how far in cm3 the colour spreads every __s over _ minutes
6. Repeat at 20C-50C, calculate _____ for each
5. Measure how far in cm3 the colour spreads every __s over _ minutes
6. Repeat at 20C-50C, calculate _____ for each
4. Place skittle in centre of petri dish, put it on top of the X on the paper, start the stopwatch
5. Measure how far in cm3 the colour spreads every 10s over 5 minutes
6. Repeat at 20-50C, calculate mean for each
5. Measure how far in cm3 the colour spreads every 10s over 5 minutes
6. Repeat at 20-50C, calculate mean for each
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What is one hazard?
Boiling water
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CVs: _____ ____ of skittles, ______ of water
DV: Rate of ______ of the food colouring in 5 minutes
IV: ________ (20-50C)
DV: Rate of ______ of the food colouring in 5 minutes
IV: ________ (20-50C)
CVs: surface area of skittles, volume of water
DV: Rate of diffusion of food colouring in 5 minutes
IV: temperature (20-50C)
DV: Rate of diffusion of food colouring in 5 minutes
IV: temperature (20-50C)
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Hypothesis:
The ______ the SA:vol of agar jelly, the faster the rate of diffusion of phenolphthalein (faster it will turn colourless)
The ______ the SA:vol of agar jelly, the faster the rate of diffusion of phenolphthalein (faster it will turn colourless)
The bigger the SA:vol of agar jelly, the faster the rate of diffusion of phenolphthalein (faster it will turn colourless)
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What equipment is needed?
Agar jelly blocks
Hydrochloric acid
Blade
Hydrochloric acid
Blade
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Procedure:
1. Two phenolphthalein blocks provided, keep cutting one in half until ended with _ blocks in total
2. Place blocks one at a time into _________ acid, time how long it takes to turn from ____ to colourless
1. Two phenolphthalein blocks provided, keep cutting one in half until ended with _ blocks in total
2. Place blocks one at a time into _________ acid, time how long it takes to turn from ____ to colourless
1. Two phenolphthalein blocks provided, keep cutting one in half until 6 blocks in total
2. Place blocks one at a time into hydrochloric acid, time how long it takes to turn from pink to colourless
2. Place blocks one at a time into hydrochloric acid, time how long it takes to turn from pink to colourless
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3. Calculate __:___ of each block to use in the analysis of results
3. Calculate SA:Vol of each block to use in the analysis of the results
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What is one hazard?
Hydrochloric acid can cause irritation to skin and burn eyes
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IV: __:___ of agar jelly phenolphthalein block
DV: rate of diffusion, time taken for block to turn ________
CVs: volume of _________ acid
DV: rate of diffusion, time taken for block to turn ________
CVs: volume of _________ acid
IV: SA:Vol of agar jelly phenolphthalein block
DV: Rate of diffusion, time taken for block to turn colourless
CVs: volume of hydrochloric acid
DV: Rate of diffusion, time taken for block to turn colourless
CVs: volume of hydrochloric acid
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Hypothesis:
Starch will break down _______ at a faster rate at optimum pH (_)
Starch will break down _______ at a faster rate at optimum pH (_)
Starch will break down amylase at a faster rate at optimum pH (7)
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What equipment is needed?
Spotting tile, test tubes, 3 syringes, pipette, stopwatch, buffer solutions pH 2-7, iodine solution 0.01M, starch solution 0.2%, amylase solution 1%
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Procedure:
1. Add a drop of ______ to each well in spotting tile
2. use syringe to place _cm3 amylase into test tube
3. add _cm3 pH2 buffer to same test tube
1. Add a drop of ______ to each well in spotting tile
2. use syringe to place _cm3 amylase into test tube
3. add _cm3 pH2 buffer to same test tube
1. add a drop of iodine to each well in spotting tile
2. use syringe to place 2cm3 amylase into test tube
3. add 1cm3 pH 2 buffer to same test tube
2. use syringe to place 2cm3 amylase into test tube
3. add 1cm3 pH 2 buffer to same test tube
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4. Add _cm3 starch to amylase and buffer, start stopwatch, mix with a _______
5. every __s transfer a drop of iodine to a new well
6. repeat every __s until iodine stops turning blue/black
5. every __s transfer a drop of iodine to a new well
6. repeat every __s until iodine stops turning blue/black
4. add 2cm3 starch to amylase and buffer, start stopwatch, mix with a pipette
5. every 10s transfer a drop of iodine to a new well
6. repeat every 10s until iodine stops turning blue/black
5. every 10s transfer a drop of iodine to a new well
6. repeat every 10s until iodine stops turning blue/black
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7. record ____ taken for reaction to be completed in a table
8. repeat investigation with pH _-_
8. repeat investigation with pH _-_
7. record time taken for reaction to be completed in a table
8. repeat investigation with pH 3-7
8. repeat investigation with pH 3-7
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No hazards
No hazards
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IV: pH _-_
DV: rate ______ breaks down starch
CVs: ________, __________
DV: rate ______ breaks down starch
CVs: ________, __________
IV: pH 2-7
DV: rate amylase breaks down starch
CVs: temperature, enzyme and substrate concentration
DV: rate amylase breaks down starch
CVs: temperature, enzyme and substrate concentration
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Similar experiment as temperature on the breakdown of starch, but use water baths from __-__C and place starch in them for _ minutes
Similar experiment as temperature on the breakdown of starch, but use water baths from 30-60C and place starch in them for 5 minutes
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Hypothesis:
As enzyme (_______) concentration increases, the rate of reaction (break down of _____ _________) increases.
As enzyme (_______) concentration increases, the rate of reaction (break down of _____ _________) increases.
As enzyme (catalase) concentration increases, the rate of reaction (breakdown of hydrogen peroxide) increases.
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What equipment is needed?
(draw this out in exam)
(draw this out in exam)
boiling tubes, x3 10ml syringes, specimen tubes, bung and tubing, trough and water, clamp and retort stand, distilled water, 100ml measuring cylinder, stopwatch, permanent marker, 10% yeast, 15vol hydrogen peroxide
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Procedure:
1. Set up equipment as shown in diagram, clamp measuring _______ upside down with a clamp
2. Make a dilution series of __% yeast suspension, the total volume of each specimen tube should be __cm3
1. Set up equipment as shown in diagram, clamp measuring _______ upside down with a clamp
2. Make a dilution series of __% yeast suspension, the total volume of each specimen tube should be __cm3
1. Set up equipment as shown in diagram, clamp measuring cylinder upside down with a clamp
2. Make a dilution series of 10% yeast suspension, the total volume of each specimen tube should be 10cm3.
2. Make a dilution series of 10% yeast suspension, the total volume of each specimen tube should be 10cm3.
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3. Place _cm3 hydrogen peroxide in first boiling tube
4. Add _cm3 yeast and quickly place ____ on boiling tube
5. Every __s mark on measuring cylinder the volume of gas collected
4. Add _cm3 yeast and quickly place ____ on boiling tube
5. Every __s mark on measuring cylinder the volume of gas collected
3. Place 6cm3 hydrogen peroxide in first boiling tube
4. Add 3cm3 yeast and quickly place bung on boiling tube
5. Every 10s mark on measuring cylinder the volume of gas collected
4. Add 3cm3 yeast and quickly place bung on boiling tube
5. Every 10s mark on measuring cylinder the volume of gas collected
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6. Record volume of ___ in results table
7. Repeat stages _,_,_ with other yeast concentrations using clean equipment
7. Repeat stages _,_,_ with other yeast concentrations using clean equipment
6. Record volume of gas in results table
7. Repeat stages 3,4,5 with other yeast concentrations using clean equipment.
7. Repeat stages 3,4,5 with other yeast concentrations using clean equipment.
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What are two hazards?
Hydrogen peroxide can harm eyes and skin
Glassware smashing
Glassware smashing
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IV: enzyme (catalase) concentration _,_,_,_,_%
DV: ______ gas produced cm3
CVs: _______ ________ concentration (6cm3), _________
DV: ______ gas produced cm3
CVs: _______ ________ concentration (6cm3), _________
IV: enzyme (catalase) concentration 2,4,6,8,10%
DV: oxygen gas produced cm3
CVs: hydrogen peroxide concentration (6cm3), temperature
DV: oxygen gas produced cm3
CVs: hydrogen peroxide concentration (6cm3), temperature
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Hypothesis:
As the enzyme concentration (_______) increases, the rate of ______ break down increases
As the enzyme concentration (_______) increases, the rate of ______ break down increases
As the enzyme concentration (trypsin) increases, the rate of casein break down increases
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What equipment is needed?
Reconstituted milk power 2%, trypsin 1%, pipettes, boiling tubes and rack, distilled water, x2 10cm3 syringes, colorimeter, cuvettes, cuvette rack
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Procedure:
1. Dilute 1% trypsin to _._-_._%
2. Place _cm3 trypsin and water into cuvette, set absorbance to zero
3. Add _cm3 milk to second cuvette
1. Dilute 1% trypsin to _._-_._%
2. Place _cm3 trypsin and water into cuvette, set absorbance to zero
3. Add _cm3 milk to second cuvette
1. Dilute 1% trypsin to 0.2-1.0%
2. Place 2cm3 trypsin and water into cuvette, set absorbance to zero
3. Add 2cm3 milk to second cuvette
2. Place 2cm3 trypsin and water into cuvette, set absorbance to zero
3. Add 2cm3 milk to second cuvette
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4. Add _cm3 trypsin to milk, mix, place in __________, start stopwatch, use ___nm
5. Measure absorbance immediately and then at __s intervals for 5 mins
6. Rinse cuvette with distilled water and repeat with each _____ concentration
5. Measure absorbance immediately and then at __s intervals for 5 mins
6. Rinse cuvette with distilled water and repeat with each _____ concentration
4. Add 2cm3 trypsin to milk, mix, place in colorimeter, start stopwatch, use 525nm
5. Measure absorbance immediately and then at 15s intervals for 5 mins
6. Rinse cuvette with distilled water and repeat with each trypsin concentration
5. Measure absorbance immediately and then at 15s intervals for 5 mins
6. Rinse cuvette with distilled water and repeat with each trypsin concentration
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No hazards
No hazards
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IV: trypsin concentration (_._-_._%)
DV: breakdown of ______ by measuring absorbance
CVs: __________, volume of ______
DV: breakdown of ______ by measuring absorbance
CVs: __________, volume of ______
IV: trypsin concentration (0.2-1.0%)
DV: breakdown of casein by measuring light absorbance
CVs: temperature, volume of casein
DV: breakdown of casein by measuring light absorbance
CVs: temperature, volume of casein
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Hypothesis:
There will be more heat given off crisps with higher ____ content because there is more carbon chains
There will be more heat given off crisps with higher ____ content because there is more carbon chains
There will be more heat given off crisps with higher lipid content because there is more carbon chains
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What equipment is needed?
bomb calorimeter, scales, measuring cylinder, 500cm3 water, coil, oxygen tank, power pack
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Procedure:
1. Measure the dry ____ of food using weighing scales
2. Measure ___cm3 water using measuring cylinder
3. Break the food and put into sample cup
1. Measure the dry ____ of food using weighing scales
2. Measure ___cm3 water using measuring cylinder
3. Break the food and put into sample cup
1. Measure the dry mass of food using weighing scales
2. Measuring 500cm3 water using measuring cylinder
3. Break food and put into sample cup
2. Measuring 500cm3 water using measuring cylinder
3. Break food and put into sample cup
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4. Turn on _____ tank for food to combust
5. Increase _______ of power pack
6. Measure change in _________ using thermometer
7. Repeat 3 times with each food
5. Increase _______ of power pack
6. Measure change in _________ using thermometer
7. Repeat 3 times with each food
4. Turn on oxygen tank for food to combust
5. Increase voltage of power pack
6. Measure change in temperature using thermometer
7. Repeat 3 times with each food
5. Increase voltage of power pack
6. Measure change in temperature using thermometer
7. Repeat 3 times with each food
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What are two hazards?
Oxygen tank causes flammability hazard
Water is boiling hot and ignition wires
Water is boiling hot and ignition wires
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IV: food type
DV: _____ produced (change in temp)
CVs: volume of _____, starting ________ of water
DV: _____ produced (change in temp)
CVs: volume of _____, starting ________ of water
IV: food type
DV: energy produced (change in temp)
CVs: volume of water, starting temperature of water
DV: energy produced (change in temp)
CVs: volume of water, starting temperature of water
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Calculations:
1. energy change = ____ x ___ x ________ change
2. convert J into kJ
3. energy change / ____
1. energy change = ____ x ___ x ________ change
2. convert J into kJ
3. energy change / ____
1. energy change = mass x SHC x temperature change
2. convert J into kJ
3. energy change / mass
2. convert J into kJ
3. energy change / mass
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Hypothesis:
As the number of ______ increase, the amount of energy produced per gram increases. Because there's a greater change between bonds broken and made. More carbon atoms means more ______ is stored in alcohols to be released
As the number of ______ increase, the amount of energy produced per gram increases. Because there's a greater change between bonds broken and made. More carbon atoms means more ______ is stored in alcohols to be released
As the number of carbons increase, the amount of energy produced per gram increases. Because there's a greater change between bonds broken and made. More carbon atoms means more energy is stored in alcohols to be released.
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What equipment is needed?
Alcohol burners, thermometer, calorimeter, measuring cylinder, weight balance, clamp and retort stand, ruler
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Procedure:
1. Measure initial ____ of alcohol burner using weight balance
2. Measure ___cm3 water in calorimeter
3. Light the alcohol burner
1. Measure initial ____ of alcohol burner using weight balance
2. Measure ___cm3 water in calorimeter
3. Light the alcohol burner
1. Measure initial mass of alcohol burner using weight balance
2. Measure 100cm3 water in calorimeter
3. Light the alcohol burner
2. Measure 100cm3 water in calorimeter
3. Light the alcohol burner
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4. Wait for temperature to rise to __C, measure using thermometer
5. Put the flame out
6. Measure final ____ of alcohol burner using scales
7. Repeat 3 times each with other alcohols
5. Put the flame out
6. Measure final ____ of alcohol burner using scales
7. Repeat 3 times each with other alcohols
4. Wait for temperature to rise to 20C, measure using thermometer
5. Put the flame out
6. Measure final mass of alcohol burner using scales
7. Repeat 3 times each with other alcohols
5. Put the flame out
6. Measure final mass of alcohol burner using scales
7. Repeat 3 times each with other alcohols
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What are hazards?
Hot calorimeter could cause burns
Flammable alcohols so keep away from naked flames
Flammable alcohols so keep away from naked flames
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DV: change in ____ of alcohol
IV: type of alcohol burned
CVs: volume of _____, same _______ of calorimeter from burner
IV: type of alcohol burned
CVs: volume of _____, same _______ of calorimeter from burner
DV: change in mass of alcohol
IV: type of alcohol burned
CVs: volume of water, same distance of calorimeter from burner
IV: type of alcohol burned
CVs: volume of water, same distance of calorimeter from burner
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Hypothesis: (resistance of fixed resistor)
As voltage increases current also increases because the electrons moving around the circuit have more ______. They move faster and a ______ number of them passes the same point every second
As voltage increases current also increases because the electrons moving around the circuit have more ______. They move faster and a ______ number of them passes the same point every second
As voltage increases current also increases because the electrons moving around the circuit have more energy. They move faster and a higher number of them passes the same point every second
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What equipment is needed?
Power pack (0-15V)
Voltmeter
Ammeter
Crocodile clips
Connecting leads
Fixed resistor
Voltmeter
Ammeter
Crocodile clips
Connecting leads
Fixed resistor
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Procedure:
1. Set up a simple circuit (draw a cell and ammeter and resistor in series, _______ parallel to resistor
2. Switch on powerpack and adjust its voltage until voltmeter reads _V
1. Set up a simple circuit (draw a cell and ammeter and resistor in series, _______ parallel to resistor
2. Switch on powerpack and adjust its voltage until voltmeter reads _V
1. Set up a simple circuit (draw a cell and ammeter and resistor in series, voltmeter parallel to resistor)
2. Switch on powerpack and adjust its voltage until voltmeter reads 1V
2. Switch on powerpack and adjust its voltage until voltmeter reads 1V
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3. Record reading on ________ in results table
4. Repeat steps 2 and 3 until __V is reached
4. Repeat steps 2 and 3 until __V is reached
3. Record reading on ammeter in results table
4. Repeat steps 2 and 3 until 10V is reached
4. Repeat steps 2 and 3 until 10V is reached
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What is one hazard?
If the resistance is too low, the resistor could blow up
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DV: ______
IV: voltage (volts)
CVs: __________ and ______ of wire
IV: voltage (volts)
CVs: __________ and ______ of wire
DV: current (amps)
IV: voltage (volts)
CVs: temperature and material of wire
IV: voltage (volts)
CVs: temperature and material of wire
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Data collection:
- graph (______ x axis and _______ y axis)
- line of best fit
- calculate _______
- multiply gradient by ____ to find resistance
- graph (______ x axis and _______ y axis)
- line of best fit
- calculate _______
- multiply gradient by ____ to find resistance
- graph (current x axis and voltage y axis)
- line of best fit
- calculate gradient
- multiply gradient by 1000 to find resistance
- line of best fit
- calculate gradient
- multiply gradient by 1000 to find resistance
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Same experiment for finding resistance of a filament lamp, but replace the fixed resistor with a filament lamp
Same experiment for finding resistance of a filament lamp, but replace the fixed resistor with a filament lamp
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Same experiment for finding resistance of an LED, but replace the fixed resistor/filament lamp with an LED
Same experiment for finding resistance of an LED, but replace the fixed resistor/filament lamp with an LED
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Equations for aim H:
power = ______ x ______
voltage = ______ x __________
power = ____ ____ / ____
energy = ______ x ______ x ____
energy usage = _____ x ____
power = ______ x ______
voltage = ______ x __________
power = ____ ____ / ____
energy = ______ x ______ x ____
energy usage = _____ x ____
power = voltage x current
voltage = current x resistance (ohms law)
power = work done / time
energy = voltage x current x time
energy usage = power x time
voltage = current x resistance (ohms law)
power = work done / time
energy = voltage x current x time
energy usage = power x time
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
What equipment is needed?
Back
Pond weed, boiling tube, water, lamp, ruler, timer, heat shield (justify the use of this equipment in the exam)
Card 3
Front
Procedure:
1. Leave the pondweed for _ minutes to reach the new light intensity
2. Count the number of bubbles given off in _ minutes
1. Leave the pondweed for _ minutes to reach the new light intensity
2. Count the number of bubbles given off in _ minutes
Back
Card 4
Front
3. Move the lamp __cm further back
4. Leave the pondweed for _ minutes to reach the new light intensity
5. Count number of bubbles given off in _ minutes
4. Leave the pondweed for _ minutes to reach the new light intensity
5. Count number of bubbles given off in _ minutes
Back
Card 5
Front
6. Repeat by moving the lamp away by __cm intervals until __cm is reached
7. Repeat so ____ sets of data have been collected and calculate _____ for different light intensities
7. Repeat so ____ sets of data have been collected and calculate _____ for different light intensities
Back
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