What are the 4 main types of probability sampling?
Simple random, systematic, stratified random and multi-stage cluster sampling
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What is a simple random sampling?
A subset of a statistical population in which each member of the subset has an equal probability of being chosen
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What is the process of simple random sampling?
1. Define the population 2. Select a sampling frame 3. Decide the size of the sample 4. Assign numbers to sample 5. Use a random number generating tool
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What is systematic sampling?
When sample members from a larger population are selected at a random starting point, but with a fixed, periodic interval
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What is the advantage of using systematic sampling?
It removes the need to assign numbers to people's names/look up names after the sample has been drawn
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What is stratified random sampling?
A method that involves the division of a population into smaller sub-groups known as strata - these are formed based on similar attributes/characteristics within the sample
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What is multi-stage cluster sampling?
The taking of samples in stages using smaller and smaller sampling units at each stage to form clusters/groups
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What is the advantage of using multi-stage cluster sampling?
It allows interviewers to be far more geographically concentrated
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What is the main advantage of probability sampling?
We can generalise findings more
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What is non-probability sampling?
A sampling techniques where the odds of any member being selected for a sample cannot be calculated and relies on the subjective judgement of the researcher
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What are the 3 main types of non-probability sampling?
Convenience, snowball and quota sampling
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What is convenience sampling?
A sampling technique where subjects are selected because of their convenient accessibility and proximity to the researcher
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What is the main disadvantage of convenience sampling?
It's impossible to generalise the findings
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What is snowball sampling?
When the researcher makes initial contact with a small group of people who are relevant to the research topic and then uses these to establish contacts with others
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What is quota sampling?
Taking a very tailored sample that’s in proportion to some characteristic or trait of a population.
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What are the main disadvantages of quota sampling?
Not representative/too superficial, interviewers are likely to make subjective judgements about who to approach for the sample, some social groups can end up being under-represented
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What are the main disadvantages of using online surveys?
1. Not everyone has the technical ability to handle questionnaires online 2. People can have multiple email addresses 3. Household/computer ratio 4. Internet users are a biased sample
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
What is a simple random sampling?
Back
A subset of a statistical population in which each member of the subset has an equal probability of being chosen
Card 3
Front
What is the process of simple random sampling?
Back
Card 4
Front
What is systematic sampling?
Back
Card 5
Front
What is the advantage of using systematic sampling?
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