Transformations of the Modern World

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What did the Enlightenment bring?
Revolutions in science and politics
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Where did John Locke come from and what did he believe?
England, and people are the most important part of a nation, the government should protect them
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Where did Charles de Montesquieu come from and what did he believe?
France, and decisions should be split in government to prevent one person being in power
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Where did Voltaire come from and what did he believe?
France, and optimism is a bad way of dealing with reality
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Where did Jean Jacques Rousseau come from and what did he believe?
France, and human beings are evil so the government should attempt to civilise mankind
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Where did Denis Diderot come from and what did he believe?
France, and all people to have access to knowledge
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Where did Adam Smith come from and what did he believe?
Scotland, and supply and demand will maintain balance so the government should only play a small role in the economy
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What replaced traditional religion?
The triumph of human reason
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What does individualism mean?
The individual and legitimacy of self-interest, pursuing your own happiness
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What is a flaw of universalism?
Racial slavery proves inequality
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When did the political revolutions happen?
English, 1688, American, 1775-83, French, 1789-99
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What is ‘The West’?
A historical construct
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Which country explored Africa, India, China and Japan?
Portugal
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Which country explored Central America, the Caribbean, Brazil and North America?
Spain
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Which country explored the Atlantic, Canada, India, the South Pacific and the Antarctic?
England
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What did people fantasise about ‘The Rest’?
That it was a golden world with people living in a pure state of nature
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What is colonialism?
Domination, involving the subjugation of one person to another
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What is imperialism?
When one country exercises power over another, whether through settlement, sovereignty or indirect control
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What did Marx believe in?
The treatment of the Proletariat by the Bourgeoisie will eventually lead to a revolution
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What did Durkheim believe in?
Mechanical and Organic societies, individuals being a product of society
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What did Weber believe in?
Protestantism linking to capitalism
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What is Taylorism?
A process enabling managers to acquire knowledge of the most efficient way of performing work tasks
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What is fordism?
De-skilled workforce, standardisation of labour process, capital intensive and standardisation of the product
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What is post-fordism?
Division in core and periphery workforce
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What are the four features of mcdonaldization?
Efficiency, calculability, predictability, control
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When did the first phase of the industrial revolution happen?
1780-1850
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How can colonialism be justified?
Social Darwinism
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What is the militaristic side of colonialism?
Physical conquest, and occupation of terrorists
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What is historiography?
A biased view of history
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Orientalism
Patronising representations of the East
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What is southern theory?
Develops ideas about society from the perspective of the periphery
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What is post-colonial theory?
A theory that critiques and aims to transcend the structures supportive of western colonialism and legacies
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When did colonialism start?
15-17th century
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When was the enlightenment?
18th century
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When did industrialisation start?
19th century
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When did former colonies gain independence?
20th century
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What is this process called?: Traditional society, preconditions for take off, take off, drive to maturity, age of high consumption
Stages of economic growth
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In what time period was there justification for colonialism?
Pre 1946
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In what time period was there post colonial guilt?
1946-1960s
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In what time period was there an increase of democratically elected governments?
1970s
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In what time period was there a downsizing of the public sector?
1980s
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In what time period was an initiative produced for the heavily indebted poor countries?
1990s
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Why are gap years in 3rd world countries for volunteer purposes criticised?
All of the answers
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Where did John Locke come from and what did he believe?

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England, and people are the most important part of a nation, the government should protect them

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Where did Charles de Montesquieu come from and what did he believe?

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Where did Voltaire come from and what did he believe?

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Where did Jean Jacques Rousseau come from and what did he believe?

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