Theory of Mind

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1. Which of these does not relate to deception

  • 3-4 year olds changed content of familiar container to trick experimenter (Sullivan & Winner)
  • Actively trying to deceive another shows understanding of other minds
  • 5+ told lies to their peers to improve the story (Perner)
  • 2-5 year olds destroyed evidence to prevent others finding the treasure (Chandler)
  • 3 year olds told lies about doing something forbidden (Lewis)
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2. Which does not influence theory of mind development

  • Family size- Children with siblings and extended families are advantaged to ToM because they hear more reasoning
  • Genetics- Those who possess the XK chromosome are disadvantageous
  • Parenting- Parental distress, poverty reduces ToM. parents who explain psychological causality increases ToM
  • Culture- Universal stage-like development, but different onset times (hong-kong quick)

3. Which is not a study into theory of mind

  • Unexpected preference test (Repacholi & Gopnik)
  • Deception (Sullivan & Winner)
  • Deceptive Box Task (Perner)
  • Unexpected transfer test (Wimmer & Perner)

4. What is theory of mind

  • The ability to attribute mental states to ourselves and others
  • The ability to emphasise with people
  • Being able to challenge or make a argument for any opinion
  • Being able to solve abstract problems

5. How do apes use theory of mind

  • Hearing low frequencies to communicate with others
  • Awareness of being watched when they cache food, so re-cache in another location when not being watched
  • Assessing others visual perspective to decide which food to compete for
  • Ability to access others strength before threatening them
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