The Home Front

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  • Created by: debbz123
  • Created on: 06-06-15 15:51
Recruitment
Only small army, posters etc to encourage people to join, Half a million in first month, By 1916 2 million had elisted
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25 January
First Military Service Bill, single men between 18-40, Could be called up at any point
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16 May 1916
Second Military Service Bill extended conscription to married men
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Conscientious Objectors
Conchies, Opposed to the war for religious or political reasons, Had to prove they had a genuine reason and weren't cowards, Sent to prison or worked in Field Hospitals
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Why Consciption
Number of volunteers was falling, Demand for troops was increasing, Volunteer was damaging agriculture etc, Unfair - not all parts of society took their share
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2 August 1916
War declared on Germany
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8 August 1916
Defence of the Realm Act introduced, gave the government powers to control people's daily lives e.g Could seize land or take over industries, Censorship
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July 1915
The Munitions Crisis, Shortage of ammunition, Soldiers had to train with wooden sticks, Lloyd George made Minister of Munitions
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Ways Munitions Crisis Was Dealt With
Lloyd George tried to make workers stay where they were needed, during 1916 235,000 went on strike and 2.5 mill days were lost, Brought women to work, in 1915 100,000 registered but only 5,000 got jobs
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16 December 1916
First bombing of British civilians, In Scarborough 119 people were killed
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May 1915
Coalition government formed
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1 July 1916
Battle of the Somme began
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18 November
Battle of the Somme called off - half a million British casualties
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November
First public criticism of the war and the generals
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December 1917
Women over 30 who were householders gaained the right to vote
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11 November 1918
Armistice was signed, War was over
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Good News Only
Bad news was strictly controlled, When a battleship was sunk in October 1914 it wasn't reported, Only in November 1916 were journalists allowed at the front, News from soldiers was censored and they even censored themselves to not worry their family
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Forced Censorship
Some independent papers published more balanced news or anti-war articles, Papers like Tribunal were closed down, In 1916 38,000 articles and 25,000 photos were examined
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Books
Leading authors such as HG Wells and Arthur Conan Doyle signed a Declaration by Authors in support of the war. Oxford produced a five-volume explaination of why Britain was justfied in war, it was called the Red Book and sold 50,000 copies
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Propaganda for Children
Toys, books and comics were all produced, They sold well and were regularly reprinted, many were still printed in 1920s and 30s
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Films
British Film makers produced 240 war films between 1915 and 1918, For the Empire reached an audience of 9 mill by 1916, The Battle of the Somme film was released in August 1916 and was a commercial success, by October it was shown in 2,000 cinemas
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Did Progaganda Work?
Most people supported the war, John Bull was selling 2 million copies by 1918 etc
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Did People Support the War
Early stages definitely, an anti-war pampflet sold 25,000 copies, Battle of the Somme was a turning point, People were determined but not excited, 1917 people questioned generals but still supported the war
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Women's Contricution to the War Effort
1914 suspended campaigns for vote, Started organisations to encourage people to fight, 1916 2mill few workers, Women were employed in Offices 200,000 clerks, In manufacturing no women until late 1916, 800,000 in Engineering jobs by end of war
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January 1917
Explosion at Silvertown in East End of London, People got rashes, yellow skin, blood poisoning and even brain damage
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Why Were They Given The Vote
Soldiers abroad could not vote, NUWSS quietly pressured the government during the war, Women had proven themselves, The Representation of People Act in 1917 was passed by a majority of 7 to 1, all males over 21 and women over 30, 1928 full rights
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April 1917
German U-Boats sinking 1 in 4 merchant boats, Britain only had 6 weeks wheat left, Poor people could not afford food, rich people brought loads, 1917 wages of industrial workers were raised
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May 1917
Voluntary Rationing, Royal family led the way, called on other people to do the same November 1917 'The ninepenny loaf'
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25 February 1918
Compulsory rationing introduced in London and Southern Britain, April 1918 extended to everywhere with stiff penalties, Diet of poor people improved
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

25 January

Back

First Military Service Bill, single men between 18-40, Could be called up at any point

Card 3

Front

16 May 1916

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Conscientious Objectors

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Why Consciption

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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