Monomers of a carbohydrate. Contain the elements carbon, hydrogen and oxygen.
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Amino Acid
Monomers or proteins. Contain the elements carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen
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Hydrolysis
Polymers being broken down into monomers by adding water so they are soluble and can be digested. Catalysed by digestive enzymes.
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Oesophagus
Takes food from the mouth to the stomach using waves of muscle contractions called peristalsis. Mucus secreted from tissues lubricate the foods passage.
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Stomach
Has lots of folds so it can expand. Stomach walls produce gastric juice which helps break down food. Peristalsis of the stomach turns food into chyme.
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Gastric Juice
Produced by the stomach walls. Consists of hydrochloric acid, pepsin (an enzyme) and mucus. Pepsin hydrolyses proteins. It only works in acidic conditions (provided by the HCacid)
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The Small Intestine
Chyme from stomach is moved along by peristalsis. Bile (alkaline) and pancreatic juice neutralise the acidity of chyme and break it down to smaller molecules.
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Gut Wall
Small soluble molecules from the small intestine are absorbed through villi that line the gut wall.
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The Large Intestine
(Colon) Water salts and minerals are absorbed, it has a folded wall for a large surface area. Bacteria in the large intestine decompose some undigested nutrients.
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Salivary Glands
They secrete sylivary amylase that consists of mucus, salts and salivary amylase. The amylase breaks down starch into maltose. This stops in the stomach bacause the acidity of gastric juice denatures the amylase.
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Pancreas
Releases pancreatic juice into the small intestine through the pancreatic duct. It contains anylase to break down starch and sodium hydrocarbonate to neutralise the hydrochloric acid which has come from the stomach.
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Card 2
Front
Amino Acid
Back
Monomers or proteins. Contain the elements carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen
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