Blood passes through the heart twice. Pulmonary circulation- blood pumped to the lungs to be oxygenated. Systematic Circulaiton- Oxygenated blood is pumped to the rest of the body.
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Myogenic
The heart muscle can contract and relax without receiving signalls from nerves.
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Advantages of a double circulation
Blood passing to the tissues is always oxygenated. Blood is delivered to tissues at high pressures.
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3 types of blood vessels
Arteries. Veins. Capillaries.
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Arteries
Carry blood away from heart under high pressuer
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Veins
Carry blood towards the heart under low pressure
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Capillaries
Carry blood close to every cell within an organ
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Atrioventricular Valves
Link atria to ventricles. Stop blood flowing back into the atria. Have cords attached so they arent forced upwards.
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Semi-Luna Valves
Link ventricles to the pulmonary artery and aorta. Stop blood flowing back into the ventricles.
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Systole/Diastole
Systole is the contracting of the heart muscle. Diastole is when it is relaxing.
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Vena Cava
Brings deoxygenated blood to the right atria.
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Pulmonary Artery
Carries deoxygenated blood towards the lungs.
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Pulmonary Vein
Brings oxygenated blood to the heart from the lungs.
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Aorta
Carries oxygenated blood to the rest of the body.
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Sino-atrial Node (SAN)
Acts as a pacemaker. Sends out regular waves of eletical activity to the atrial walls.
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Collagen Tissue
Prevents electiral waves being passed straight to the ventricles.
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Atrioventricular Node (AVN)
Electrical waves transferred here. Makes a slight delay so the atria fully empties before passing waves to the bundle of His then Purkyne fibres for the ventricles to contract.
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Cardiac Output
Volume of blood pumped by the heart per minute. CO=Stroke Volume X Heart Rate
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Heart Rate
The number of heartbeats per minute.
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Stroke Volume
Volume of blood pumped during each heartbeat.
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Atheroma
Endothlium layer of an artery is damaged so white blood cells and lipids from the blood gather forming fatty plaque. Partially blocks the lumen resticting blood flow.
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Aneurysm
Ballon-like swelling on the artery. Higher pressures caused by an atheroma cause blod to push inner layers out though the elastic layer. If it bursts it causes a heamorrhage.
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Thrombosis
Atheroma can rupture the endothelium leaving a rough surface. Proteins accumulate causing a blood clot. Debris from the rupture can also cause another blood clot to form further down the artery.
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Myocardial Infarction
Heart muscle becomes starved of oxygen so it dies. Also known as a heart attack
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