The Thyroid Gland 0.0 / 5 ? PharmacyThe Endocrine SystemUniversityNone Created by: SamDaviesCreated on: 10-05-18 00:27 795863214 Across 1. Converts T4 into inactive rT3 by removing iodine from inner ring (10, 3) 4. Sodium-iodide symporter, located on basolateral membrane. Na+/K+ATPase creates low concentration of Na+ in the cell. Acts as a cotransporter, transports Na+ along gradient and I- against gradient (3) 6. Gland that is located in the neck, butterfly-shaped with two lobes united by a narrow isthmus. Highly vascular (7) Down 2. An anion transporter, located on the apical membrane of follicular cells which aids the movement of I- from the cell to the follicular lumen (site of thyroid hormone synthesis) (7) 3. Converts T4 into active T3 by removing iodine from outer ring (10, 2) 5. High TSH, low T3 and T4. Underactive thyroid. Symptoms: slow heart rate, weight gain, constipation, rash on legs, vitiligo, depression, carpal tunnel (14) 6. Hormone which stimulates expression of NIS, Tg and TPO. Stimulates the plasma membrane localisation of NIS and pendrin transport. Stimulates the endocytosis of thyroid hormone when needed (3) 7. Activated form can phosphorylate transcription factors like CREB which induces transcription of thyroid specific genes, like Tg and NIS (7, 6, 1) 8. The GPCR which (when TSH binds), causes a conformational change, replacing the alpha subunits GDP with active GTP, releasing the subunit to activate adenylyl cyclase which converts ATP to cAMP. This causes release of PKA (4) 9. Low TSH, high T3 and T4 levels. Overactive thyroid. Symptoms: rapid heart rate, shortness of breath, weight loss, diarrhoea, increased appetite, tremor, anxiety, double vision (15)
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