The Structure & Function of Cells of the Nervous System 0.0 / 5 ? PsychologyBiological PsychologyUniversityAll boards Created by: marmitesarnyCreated on: 25-05-17 12:14 Where are neuron signals interpreted and responded to? interpreted: brain and spinal cord; responded: effector organs 1 of 37 Dendrites branch out from the cell body, increasing the cell's...? surface area 2 of 37 Within the SOMA, there is? Nucleus (DNA), Mitochondria (Energy) and endoplasmic reticulum (protein synthesis) 3 of 37 Which part of the SOMA is responsible for protein synthesis? The endoplasmic reticulum 4 of 37 When nerve impulses reach terminal buttons, what happens? neurotransmitters are released 5 of 37 Glial cells constitute what % of cells in the brain? 85% 6 of 37 What is the primary function of glial cells? Surround and insulate neurons to keep messages clear and remove dead cells 7 of 37 What are the 4 different types of glial cells? astrocytes, ogliodendrocytes, Schwann cells and Microglia 8 of 37 What are the functions of astrocytes? provide physical support and clean up brain debris, give nutrients to neurons, limit dispersion of neurotransmitters 9 of 37 what are the arms of astrocytes called and what do they do? processes, wrap around blog cells and others around parts of neurons 10 of 37 How do astrocytes help with clear transmission of neural signals? they limit dispersion of neurotransmitters 11 of 37 What is the main function of ogliodendrocytes? produce the myelin sheath 12 of 37 The myelin sheath constitutes of (%)? 80% lipid and 20% protein 13 of 37 What do ogliodendrocytes do during CNS development its processes wrap around the segment of an axon to form Myelin Sheath 14 of 37 What are the functions of microglia? help with phagocytosis, prevent against infection 15 of 37 Which cells are responsible for the inflammatory action in brain damage? microglia 16 of 37 What is the primary function of the shwann cells? They produce the myelin sheath for the PNS 17 of 37 Why does MS only attack CNS myelin? slightly different composition in myelin in PNS 18 of 37 Where does electrical transmission occur? within the neuron, signal transmitter from cell body down axons to terminals 19 of 37 Where does chemical transmission occur? between neurons: impulse at terminals causes release of neurotransmitter 20 of 37 What is the phospholipid bilayer? the double layered outer part of the cell membrane 21 of 37 What lies within the cell membrane? protein (ion channels) that can be open or closed. 22 of 37 What is the resting potential of the neuron? -70mv 23 of 37 The Sodium Potassium pumps maintain the resting potential by doing what? pumping out three sodium ions and two potassium ions 24 of 37 At resting state, there are more positive ions in what location? outside of the cell 25 of 37 At resting state, sodium wants to go....? Inside of the cell (positively charged) 26 of 37 At rest, the protein channels are? closed. 27 of 37 Over time, what happens to potassium? a small amount leaves the cell, however the electrical and concentration gradient of potassium keep it fairly balanced. 28 of 37 Where are the negative anions at resting potential? Inside the cell 29 of 37 Outline the charges of the anions, potassium, sodium and chloride. A (-) K (+) Na (+) Chl (-) 30 of 37 At resting, the potassium channels are? almost closed 31 of 37 What is the threshold of excitation? -55Mv 32 of 37 What does the refractory period prevent? prevents action potential from going backwards 33 of 37 In chemical transmission, what happens when the terminal button becomes depolarised? synaptic vesicles migrate and fuse with presynaptic membrane 34 of 37 A neuron will only fire... If the threshold of excitation is reached 35 of 37 Excitatory neurons open which channel? Na+ 36 of 37 Inhibitory neurons open which channel? K+ 37 of 37
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