- nose - nasal cavity - paranasal sinuses - pharynx
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Lower respiratory system (tract)
- larynx (voice box) - trachea (windpipe) - bronchi, bronchioles & alveoli of the lungs
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Function of Upper respiratory system
Warms, Humidifies, filters air, contains olfactory receptors, functions in speech
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Lower respiratory system: Larynx (voice box)
transports, filtrates, moistness & warms air.
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Trachea
Main airway to lungs, divides into right and left main bronchi. C-Shaped tracheal cartilages, Mucus traps airborne particles and micro-organisms
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Lower respiratory system: Lungs
house and protect gas exchange, R&L bronchi divide into bronchioles and alveoli, blood supply: pulmonary arteries & veins
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Lobes of the Lung: Right
3 lobes broader than the left, because most of heart & vessels projects into left thoracic cavity
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Lobes of the Lung: Left
2 lobes longer than right because diaphragm rises on the right side to accommodate the liver.
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Alveoli
Main gas exchange centre. Walls of alveoli consist of single squamous epithelial cells for diffusion of gases
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Diaphragm
Oesophagus passes through a hiatus in the diaphragm. Stomach can bulge through this (hiatus hernia).
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The pleural cavities: Visceral Layer
Visceral layer (pleura) attached to lung surface
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The pleural cavities: Parietal Layer
Parietal (pares = wall) layer attached to walls of thorax. Pleural cavity contains lubricating fluid that prevents friction
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The diaphragm
Forms the dividing wall between the thoracic and abdominal cavities. The dome of the diaphragm is high. Level with the 4th rib (*******) posterior to the heart.
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1. Pulmonary ventilation: movement of air into & out of lungs (inspiration & expiration)
Process where gases are exchanged between the lung alveoli & the atmosphere. Purpose is to supply the alveoli with enough movement of air to remove the CO2 and allow O2 into the body. Consists of 2 phases: Inspiration/inhalation Expiration/exhalati
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Respiratory membrane
Exchange of respiratory gases occurs between lungs and blood by diffusion across the respiratory membrane of the alveoli.
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Transport of O2 & CO2 in the blood
Transport of gases between lungs & body tissue is accomplished by blood. O2 & CO2 enter the blood. Physical & chemical changes aids in gas transport & exchange.
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Internal respiration
When external respiration is completed, oxygenated blood is transported from lungs via pulmonary veins to the heart. Exchange of O2 and CO2 between blood capillaries and tissues known as internal respiration (the biochemical pathways of cellular res
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