The right of unions to exist and be recognised. The right to negotiate pay and working conditions. The establishment of systems for mediation. The right of workers to withdraw labour without punishment.
1 of 18
The position of unions and labour in 1865
Workers could be exploited and had no protection. Unions represented skilled workers in craft industries, whereas those in new industries, such as steel, had no protection. Workers could be laid off easy.
2 of 18
What unions were formed and why in the late nineteenth century?
Growth in the industrialisation witnessed a growth in unions; Knight of Labour (KOL) and American Federation
3 of 18
In 1886 how many members did KOL have?
700,000
4 of 18
Why did union membership fall in the nineteenth century?
The violence of the Haymarket Affair and social divisions within the workforce.
5 of 18
What caused social divisions in the workforce in the nineteenth century?
The availability of African Americans and European immigrants, who were paid less than white workers. Divisions after the Homestead strike 1892 and Pullman strike 1894.
6 of 18
how many union members there by 1910?
2 million.
7 of 18
Why did the position of unions improve during the First World War?
There was an increased demand for production. Factory owners more conciliatory.
8 of 18
Wanting to maintain production during the First World War the government established what?
The National War Labour Board (NWLB)
9 of 18
What did the National War Labour Board change?
Limited the working day to 8 hours, in exchange workers agreed not to strike.
10 of 18
What did the economic boom during in the 1920s result in?
Rise in real wages and employers offered workers benefits (welfare capitalism).
11 of 18
What was set up under the New Deal?
National Industry Recovery Act (NIRA) 1933. Wagner Act 1935. Fair Labour Standards Act 1939.
12 of 18
What weakened the position of Unions after the Second War.
The Taft-Hartley Act 1947, limited the power of unions. The decline in blue collar workers and the increase in the number of white collar workers.
13 of 18
What acts were created in the 1960s?
Equal Pay Act 1963 and the Age Discrimination Act 1968.
14 of 18
What gains were there for unions in the 1960s?
Unions could bargain over conditions, wages, contracts and could gain medical and dental insurance. Pensions and unemployment insurance.
15 of 18
What caused a decline in unions in the 1960s?
Technological changes required more skilled workers. And the growth in female employment.
16 of 18
Why were unions being attacked by the government and public in the 1980s?
The events of PATCO air traffic controllers strike 1981.
17 of 18
Why did unions decline? (1980-92)
Size of factories/businesses meant the workforce was more dispersed and harder to unionise. Employers now gave welfare provisions to employees. The number of female and white collar workers.
18 of 18
Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
The position of unions and labour in 1865
Back
Workers could be exploited and had no protection. Unions represented skilled workers in craft industries, whereas those in new industries, such as steel, had no protection. Workers could be laid off easy.
Card 3
Front
What unions were formed and why in the late nineteenth century?
Back
Card 4
Front
In 1886 how many members did KOL have?
Back
Card 5
Front
Why did union membership fall in the nineteenth century?
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