Explain the igneous geological process in the Lithosphere?
rocks and minerals are created by cooling and hardening of magma and molten lava
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What metal ores are deposited by hydrothermal processes?
Tin, copper,lead,silver,gold and arsenic
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Explain the 1st step in the process of hydro-thermal deposition
Igneous intrusions are rocks formed from magma that cools and solidifies in the Earths crust. These intrusions produce hot pressurised water which dissolves minerals from surrounding rocks.
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Explain the 2nd step of hydrothermal deposition?
The mineral rich solutions travel along fissures away from the igneous batholith. Cooling as they do.
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Explain the 3rd step of hydrothermal deposition?
As they cool it created dissolved minerals which crystallise and come out of the solution. In order of solubility, least soluble crystallises first.
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What is fractional crystillisation?
A mix of minerals which cant be exploited are separated and deposited soon after the batholith is formed exploitation is now possible.
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Explain a sedimentary process in the Lithosphere?
sedimentary processes cause minerals to settle and build up to produce layers of deposited sediment and creates sedimentary rocks and minerals.
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Describe metamorphic processes in the Lithosphere?
tectonic movements of crustal plates alter exisitng rocks with high temps and pressure, without melting them, this produces metamorphic rocks. High temps and extreme pressure can turn limestone into marble.
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How to Proterozoic marine sediments produce deposits?
They have iron ore deposits e.g magnetite. They are formed when dissolved iron compounds become oxidised by oxygen released by photosynthesis producing insoluble iron oxide deposits-occurred mainly between 2.5 y + 1.8 billion yrs ago
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What are alluvial deposits?
These are processes that involve materials carried and separated by flowing H20 , the ability of water to carry solids depends on the velocity of water and density of solids .
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What are evaporites?
If a bay of ancient sea becomes isolated, the water may have evaporated leaving crystallised minerals. Evaporation can also form in inland seas in desert areas as the water from in flowing rivers evaporate.
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Explain secondary enrichment?
Economically important metals that are soluble or insoluble depending on conditions, especially the availability of oxygen. they may be transported in solution by moving water - deposited as oxidation state changes.
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What does laskys principle state?
states that in general as the purity of the mineral decreases, the amount of mineral present increases exponentially. So problem with future mineral supplies is not the quantity that exists but the need to develop methods to exploit low grade deposit
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How can we help estimates of future availability?
It is important to predict which deposits are likely to become available to exploit in the future and when.
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Give the definition of exponentially...
Increasing/decreasing more and more rapidly
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What is stock or resource base?
This includes all the material that exists in the lithosphere includes the mineral that can be exploited now and in future, or that which cld never be exploited.
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What is resource?
Larger than reserves and includes all the material that is available for exploitation. The
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
What metal ores are deposited by hydrothermal processes?
Back
Tin, copper,lead,silver,gold and arsenic
Card 3
Front
Explain the 1st step in the process of hydro-thermal deposition
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