Play an active role/ have a choice in how we behave. Behaviour is self-determined. EXAMPLE; approaches (AS) humanists say behaviour isn't the result of a single cause, free will. Schizophrenia/ addiction (A2); cognitive interventions imply free-will
1 of 25
Soft determinism
Behaviour is limited by the environment/ biological makeup to an extent, also an element of free will in all behaviour
2 of 25
Hard determinsim
Forces outside our control shape behaviour, incompatible with free will
3 of 25
Determinism
Free will is an illusion, behaviour is governed by internal/ external forces we have no control over. Behaviour is predictable
4 of 25
Biological determinism
All behaviour is innate/ determined by genes. EXAMPLE; psychopathology (AS) OCD is genetic. Relationships (A2) partner choice determined by evolutionary factors
5 of 25
Environmental determinism
Behaviour caused by forces outside the individual, classical/ operant conditioning. EXAMPLES; psychopathology (AS) phobias acquired through clasical/ operant. Addiction (A2) role role role models in addiction development
6 of 25
Psychic determinism
Human behaviour is the result of childhood experiences/ innate drives. EXAMPLE; social influence (AS) authoritarian personality.
7 of 25
Why is it useful to be able to predict/ control behaviour?
Diagnose sooner, treat sooner, help patient understand what's happening to him, prevent disorder by avoiding environmental targets.
8 of 25
Nature
Behaviour is the product of innate biological/ genetic factors.EXAMPLES; attachment (AS) Bowlby suggested attachment behaviours are passed on genetically. Relationships (A2) evolutionary mate preferences
9 of 25
Nurture
Behaviour is the product of environmental factors. EXAMPLES; attachment (AS) classical conditioning explanation.
10 of 25
Hereditary
Traits are passed from one generation to the next
11 of 25
Environment
Everything outside the body
12 of 25
Interactionist approach
Both nature and nurture work together to shape human behaviour. EXAMPLE; PKU inheritance of two recessive genes but diet can avoid the disorder.
13 of 25
Concordance rates
How likely it is that both people in a pair will have certain characteristics.
14 of 25
Nativism
Human soul is already equipped with understanding of key concepts at birth
15 of 25
Empiricism
Born without innate mechanisms and we become what we are due to experineces
16 of 25
Reductionism
Human behaviour can be explained by breaking it down into simpler component parts
17 of 25
Parsimony
Complex phenomena should be explained in the simplest of terms
18 of 25
Biological redctionism
Biological psychologists try to reduce behaviour to a physical level
19 of 25
Stimulus response reductionism (Environmental)
Assumption that all behaviour can be reduced to SP associations/ complex behaviours are SP chains
20 of 25
Experimental reductionism
Complex behaviour reduced to single variable/ operationalised variable to measure or determine causal relationships.
21 of 25
Holism
Human behaviour should be viewed as a whole, integrated experience.
22 of 25
Gestalt psychology
Holistic approach to perception; we see things as a whole rather than in small bits
23 of 25
Idiographic
Focus on the individual/ emphasise the unique personal experience of human nature. METHODS - case studies, unstructured interviews, thematic analysis. Humanistic approach only to fall entirely on idiographic side
24 of 25
Nomothetic
Focus on establishing general laws based on the study of large groups. METHODS - experiments, correlational research, psychometric testing.
25 of 25
Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
Behaviour is limited by the environment/ biological makeup to an extent, also an element of free will in all behaviour
Back
Soft determinism
Card 3
Front
Forces outside our control shape behaviour, incompatible with free will
Back
Card 4
Front
Free will is an illusion, behaviour is governed by internal/ external forces we have no control over. Behaviour is predictable
Back
Card 5
Front
All behaviour is innate/ determined by genes. EXAMPLE; psychopathology (AS) OCD is genetic. Relationships (A2) partner choice determined by evolutionary factors
Comments
No comments have yet been made