Structure and Function of the Skeletal System

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  • Created by: ntygs19
  • Created on: 11-03-20 20:52
Name the first 3 functions of the skeletal system
1. Support, 2. Protection, 3. Assistance in movement
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What does teh skeletal system support?
Skeletal system is the structural framework of the body - muscles and tissues form attachments to bone
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What does the Skeletal system protect?
Organs from injury
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How does skeletal system assist in movement?
Provides skeletal muscle attachments, allows for articulation of limbs
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4th Function: involved in mineral homeostasis of which 2 minerals?
Calcium and Phosphate
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How does the skeletal system maintain mineral homeostasis?
Acts as a reservoir for minerals - when there's excess, it's stored in the bones, when there's not enough, it is liberated into the blood.
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5th Function: What is the skeletal system's function in regards to blood?
Blood cell production occurs in bone marrow.
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6th Function: What is stored in yellow bone marrow?
Certain types of Triglycerides.
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Recall the 6 key functions of the skeletal system
Support, protection, assistance in movement, mineral homeostasis, blood cell production, triglyceride storage
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What are the 4 types of bone? L_, S_,F_ and I_
Long bone, short bone, flat bone and irregular bone.
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Describe the characteristics of long bone. Provide 3 examples.
Greater length and width. Femur, Tibia, Fibula
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Describe the characteristics of short bone. Give 1 example
Cube shapred and nearly equal in length and width. E.g. Ankle
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Describe the characteristics of flat bone. Give 1 example
Thin, afford considerable protection. e.g Cranium protecting brain.
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Describe characteristics of irregular bone, give 1 example
Complex shapes, can't be grouped into any category. e.g. Vertebrae, jaw.
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Name the 2 main parts of a long bone:
Epiphysis and Diaphysis
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Epiphysis is the _ of the bone... it's a layer of c_ bone enclosing an area of s_ bone
Epiphysis are the ends of bone... it's a layer of COMPACT bone enclosing an area of SPONGEY bone.
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Epiphysis is covered in A_ C_, providing a smooth, slippery surface which reduces f_
Epiphysis is covered by ARTICULAR CARTILAGE which provides a smooth, slippery surfance to reduce FRICTION.
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Describe PROXIMAL epiphysis
Proximal epiphysis is closest to the main body cavity (e.g. proximal epyphysis of femur connects to the hio_
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Describe DISTAL epiphysis
Distal epiphesis is further away from the main body cavity (e.g. distal epiphysis of femur connects to the knee)
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Describe the DIAPHYSIS
Diaphysis is the SHAFT of the bone.
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What is the diaphysis of a bone mainly formed of?
Compact bone.
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Diaphysis is covered and protected by P_, which is what?
Periostium, which is a fibrous connective tissue membrane
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Describe the characteristics of COMPACT bone
Dense, looks smooth
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Describe the characteristics of SPONGEY bone
Composed of small needle-like bone, lots of open space.
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Do bones have a blood supply? Why?
Yes, bones are rich in blood vessels - they need a blood supply to stay alive.
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Bone has a complex structure consisting of tiny cavities and passageways called C_, carring N_ and V_
Bone has a complex structure consisting of tiny cavities and passageways called CANALS, carrying NERVES and VESSELS
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BONE REMODELLING - What are the 3 key cells involved in bone remodelling?
OsteoCLASTS, OsteoBLASTS and OsteoCYTES.
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Describe the role of OSTEOCLASTS in bone remodelling
Bone breaking - bone breakdown is part of the normal development, maintenance and repair of bones.
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What is the process of bone breakdown called? It is important in Mineral Homeostasis. Why?
RESORPTION- important in homeostasis as it is allows for the liberation of calcium and phosphate into the blood
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Describe the role of OSTEOBLASTS in bone remodelling
Bone building
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Describe the role of OSTEOCYTES in bone remodelling
Bone Maintenance
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What is a fracture?
Any break in a bone
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Name the 3 types of fracture: P_ and C_
Partial and Complete
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Describe a partial fracture
An incomplete break across a bone e.g. a crack.
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Name the 2 types of partial fracture: G_ and S_ F_
Greenwick and Stress Fracture
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Describe a Greenwick fracture
One side of the bone is broken, the other side bends. Only really occurs in children.
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Describe a stress fracture
Occurs over time due to excess pressure from things like running on a hard surface for a long time
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Describe a complete fracture
A complete break across the bone - it's broken into 2 pieces
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Name the 2 types of complete fracture: O_ and C_
Open and Closed
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Describe an open fracture. It is also known as a C_ fracture
Fractured bone DOES break the skin. Also known as COMPOUND fracture
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Describe a closed fraction. It is also known as a S_ fracture
Fractured bone DOES NOT break the skin. Also known as SIMPLE fracture
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There are how many stages of fracture repair?
4
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Stage 1: P_ and O_ remove any dead bone tissue. Blood vessels crossing fracture line are broking, forming a Fracture H_
Phagocytes and Osteoclasts remove any dead bone tissue. Blood vessels crossing the fracture line are broken, forming a FRACTURE HAEMOTOMA.
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Stage 2: C_ form F_ at the fracture site, bridge the broken ends of bone. Leads to formation of a F_ C_, which take ? weeks to form
Stage 2: CHONDROBLASTS form FIBROCARTILAGE at the fracture site, bridging the broken ends of bone. Leads to formation of a FIBROCARTILAGINOUS CALLUS, which takes 3 weeks to form
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Stage 3: R_ is converted to S_ Bone by O_
FIBROCARTILAGE is converted to SPONGEY BONE by OSTEOBLASTS
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Stage 4: Bone R_ occurs: dead portions of bone are absorbed by O_ and Spongey Bone is converted to C_ Bone
Bone REMODELLING occurs: dead portions of bone are absorbed by OSTEOCLASTS and spongey bone is converted to COMPACT BONE.
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What cells are involved in Stage 1 of fracture repair?
Phagocytes and Osteoclasts
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What cells are involves in stage 2 of fracture repair? What does it form? What does that do? What then takes 3 weeks to form?
Chondroblasts. Firbocartilage, bridges gap between bones, and takes 3 weeks to form a FIBROCARTILAGINOUS CALLUS
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In stage 3, fibrocartilage is converted to spongey bone by what cell?
Osteoblasts
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In stage 4, what cell absorbs dead portions of bone?
Osteoclasts.
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Card 2

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What does teh skeletal system support?

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Skeletal system is the structural framework of the body - muscles and tissues form attachments to bone

Card 3

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What does the Skeletal system protect?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

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How does skeletal system assist in movement?

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Card 5

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4th Function: involved in mineral homeostasis of which 2 minerals?

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