Process by which a cell changes to become specialised
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Stem cells
Undifferentiated cells that can divide into lots more cells
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Where are stem cells found?
1. Early human embryos 2. Adult bone marrow
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Human embryo stem cells can become...
Any kind of cell
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Adult stem cells can become...
Certain cells e.g blood cells
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What are clones?
Genetically Identical cells
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What is a Meristem?
The part of a plant where growth occurs and stem cells are found
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What sort of cell can the Meristem cells become?
Throughout the plants entire life Meristem cells can differentiate into any type of plant cells
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What is diffusion?
Diffusion is the spreading out of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration
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In what types of matter can diffusion happen?
Solutions because particles can move freely and randomly
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Name two things that increase the rate of diffusion?
Big concentration gradient and higher temperature
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Name four molecules that can diffuse through cell membranes?
Oxygen, Amino acids, Glucose and water
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Name an additional thing that increases diffusion rate (through cell membranes)
Larger surface area
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Define Osmosis
Osmosis is the movement of water molecules through a partially permeable membrane, from a region of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration
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What is active transport?
Active transport is the movement of substances against a concentration gradient
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What is the difference between active transport and diffusion?
Active transport uses energy and diffusion is a random process
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Name 5 possible adaptations to exchange surfaces that maximise effectiveness
Large surface to volume ratio, thin membrane, high blood flow, moist, ventilated
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Undifferentiated cells that can divide into lots more cells
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