Phosphorylation of glucose to glucose phosphate using energy from 2 hydrolysed mols of ATP. Glucose phosphate splits into 2 mols of triose phosphate. TP is oxidised. Hydrogen carrier NAD converted to reduced NAD. Pyruvate and 2 ATP formed
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Where does the link reaction take place?
The matrix of the mitochondria
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What happens in the link reaction?
Pyruvate oxidised to form acetate, reduced NAD formed. The acetate then combines with coenzyme A to form acetyl CoA
the CoA is reused in the next link reaction, CO2= waste product, ATP used for energy, reduced NAD and FAD used in oxidative phosphorylation
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What is oxidative phosphorylation?
The formation of ATP in the electron transport system of aerobic respiration
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Describe the stages of oxidative phosphorylation?
Hydrogen atoms released from NAD and FAD producing H+ and e-. The e- move down the electron transport chain losing energy at each carrier. This energy is used by electron carriers to pump protons from the matrix to the intermembrane space cont
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forming an electrochemical gradient. Protons move down ec gradient across intermembrane space back into matrix via ATP synthesis. This drives the synthesis of ATP from ADP and Pi. Process driven by movement of H+ ions across IMS (chemiosmosis). cont
In the matrix the protons, eletrons and oxygen combine to form water. Oxygen is the final electron acceptor
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What's the equation for anaerobic respiration in plants?
Pyruvate+ reduced NAD -> Ethanol+ CO2 + NAD
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What's the equation for anaerobic respiration in plants?
Pyruvate (3C) + reduced NAD -> lactate (3C) + NAD
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Why does anaerobic respiration cause muscle fatigue and cramps?
Lactic acid is acidic so it must therefore be removed quickly by oxidising it with O2 to release more energy or taken to the liver by the blood to be stored as glycogen.
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