Spoken Language Features
This should help you with analysing spoken language texts such as transcripts or conversations. Useful for both Section A (categorising texts) and Section B! (Language And Gender/Language And Power)
If your'e anything like me and forget terminology so easily, use this!
- Created by: Emily
- Created on: 22-05-13 13:07
T | T | G | X | B | P | J | G | Y | C | N | A | V | W | W | C | I | B | H | S | X |
D | G | R | V | H | P | V | K | X | W | O | A | Y | G | Q | A | D | R | L | K | F |
E | T | I | C | N | N | J | V | L | I | I | T | V | O | G | C | E | H | V | E | S |
I | O | C | I | N | T | E | R | A | C | T | I | O | N | A | L | T | A | L | K | M |
X | N | E | T | M | X | A | K | P | V | C | W | N | H | V | W | O | B | I | O | R |
I | W | S | A | I | W | E | L | V | S | A | E | I | F | P | R | B | Y | T | T | X |
S | C | M | G | N | N | G | A | F | J | R | X | H | W | F | U | I | G | O | U | B |
D | V | A | Q | G | K | A | T | E | E | T | J | D | X | W | S | R | U | U | J | N |
E | H | X | U | D | W | U | C | L | J | N | S | L | L | G | W | T | C | K | M | D |
I | H | I | E | S | I | G | I | C | G | O | K | I | I | L | E | X | X | R | O | P |
C | N | M | S | W | V | N | T | I | A | C | L | M | P | G | H | W | G | I | V | N |
T | D | S | T | R | M | A | A | P | U | E | L | R | D | P | E | P | L | L | H | H |
I | W | N | I | X | N | L | H | U | H | A | Q | W | Y | T | B | O | G | R | A | L |
C | A | E | O | H | G | E | P | P | J | P | V | Y | M | X | W | O | H | S | K | Y |
S | N | O | N | F | L | U | E | N | C | Y | F | E | A | T | U | R | E | S | U | P |
J | U | J | H | G | Y | G | E | W | Y | W | J | F | R | Y | M | I | T | I | T | U |
O | I | R | A | D | J | A | C | E | N | C | Y | P | A | I | R | S | B | V | J | T |
D | G | X | C | D | Q | V | R | H | M | R | A | K | J | N | U | X | L | O | A | V |
X | B | A | C | K | C | H | A | N | N | E | L | F | E | A | T | U | R | E | S | K |
O | U | V | B | N | Q | O | Y | D | Y | W | F | C | O | A | R | L | B | O | C | A |
F | X | O | Y | H | N | H | V | U | U | Q | C | U | Y | T | M | X | F | V | Q | C |
Clues
- A reduced form often marked by an apostrophe in writing - e.g. can't = cannot; she'll = she will. See also ELISION (11)
- Conversational utterances that have no concrete purpose other than to establish or maintain personal relationships. It's related to small talk - and follows traditional patterns, with stock responses and formulaic expressions: 'How are you?' / 'Fine' (6, 4)
- Grice proposed 4 basic conversational 'rules' [maxims] as criteria for successful conversation: quantity [don't say too much or too little]; relevance [keep to the point]; manner [speak in a clear, coherent, and orderly way]; quality [be truthful] (6, 6)
- Language in conversation used for interpersonal reasons and/or socialising (13, 4)
- Parallel expressions used across the boundaries of individual speaking turns. They are usually ritualistic and formulaic socially. For example: 'How are you?' / 'Fine thanks' (9, 5)
- Statements that sound imprecise and unassertive. E.g. - 'and so on', 'whatever', 'thingummy', 'whatsit' (5, 8)
- Strings of words normally added to a declarative sentence to turn the statement into a question. E.g. "It's a bit expensive round here, isn't it?" (Also common feature of Lakoff's women's language) (3, 8)
- Typical and normal characteristics of spoken language that interrupt the 'flow' of talk. Some examples: hesitations, false starts, filers, repetitions [though can be used for emphasis], overlaps and interruptions. (3, 7, 8)
- Words such as 'this', 'that', 'here', 'there' which refer backwards or forwards or outside a text - a sort of verbal pointing. Very much a context dependent feature of talk. (14)
- Words, phrases, and non-verbal utterances [e.g. 'I see', 'oh', 'uh huh', 'really'] used by a listener to give feedback to a speaker that the message is being followed and understood (4, 7, 8)
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