Sociology Theorists

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Studied a sample of 250 societies from small hunting and gathering societies to modern industrial societies like Britain and the USA, he claimed that in all these societies, family was the most important social institution and its purpose was to fulfil th
Murdock
1 of 27
Argues that the function the family performs depends on the society that it is in. It has led to the isolation of the nuclear family, loss of function, achieved status. With the rise if welfare systems, the family has to fulfil fewer functions
Parsons
2 of 27
Argues that the family has retained its functions in the majority but institutions have added and improved to them. Families have more functions now not less. Government initiatives have placed bigger responsibility on parents. As a result, parents are mo
Fletcher
3 of 27
There has been the emergence of an underclass and a culture of dependency
Murray
4 of 27
The monogamous nuclear family was developed as a means of passing on private property to legitimate heirs. This ensures they continue to own the means of production. Monogamy provides proof of paternity
Engels
5 of 27
For capitalism to survive, the family must pass on the ideology when socialising children that society is fair and that if they conform and work hard they will achieve social mobility
Althusser
6 of 27
The family is an escape for workers who can enjoy a personal life away from the oppression and exploitation of work. The family offers them a release and a measure of control
Zaretsky
7 of 27
Argues that families can exercise control over families in other ways too. He explored this through the concept of surveillance
Foucault
8 of 27
Applied the concept of surveillance to the family and motherhood. Pressure to conform to social norms relating to family life means mothers, through guilts and self criticism, exercise surveillance ivre themselves to live up to their own self-imposed pare
Henderson
9 of 27
Policies based on the cereal packet family are harmful because it’s a patriarchal stereotype that exposes women in families tot the triple burden, it’s a harmful model as it suggests that other family types are deviant, it fails to recognise how the trad
Barret and McIntosh
10 of 27
Argues that policies are a form of state power over families. Professional carry out surveillance. Poor families are often targeted as they are seen as a ‘problem’ or a target for ‘improvement’
Donzelot
11 of 27
Argues that the state controls and regulates family life by compulsory parenting orders through courts. Therefore social policy does not support families but is a form of state control
Condry
12 of 27
Argues that the home compares unfavourably with work. At work, women feel valued etc.
Hochschild
13 of 27
Observe that many women feel a growing dissatisfaction with patriarchal marriage
Bernard
14 of 27
Noted that an important change since the 1960s has been the rapid decline in stigma attached to divorce
Mitchell and Goody
15 of 27
Argue that marriage is less embedded within the economic system. There sure fewer family firms and the family is no longer a unit of production, so spouses are not so economically interdependent; they do not have tolerate conflict and can seek divorce
Allan and Crowe
16 of 27
Recognising that people have more choice in terms of their relationships and family arrangements but believe that people are not as free as postmodernists suggest
Beck and Giddens
17 of 27
Identified that Living Apart Together is a rising new family. LAT’S have a ‘pure love relationship’ pursuing both intimacy and personal autonomy and independence.
Levin
18 of 27
The widespread acceptance of divorce and cohabitation has made people more open to new types of relationship
Duncan and Phillips
19 of 27
Argues that the new right assumes husband and wives roles are fixed biologically, women can perform a variety of roles and the traditional family is negative for women’s equality. Feminist
Oakley
20 of 27
Does not see family diversity as negative; he argues we have move to a neo-conventional family. This is a family in which both partners go to work and share responsibilities equally (also called a symmetrical family). Argues that family diversity is exagg
Chester
21 of 27
Researched donor conceived families. They argues that many of these families valued social relationships over biological. However it can crate is sire such as differences in appearance, conflict on lesbian relationships with the ‘real’ and non-biological
Nordqvist and Smart
22 of 27
Argue that the contemporary society is rapidly changing and people are questioning our traditional widely accepted norms, values and morals. As a result, many are rejecting the idea if traditional family life. Diversity and choice mesmerised people are in
Lyotard and Baudrillard
23 of 27
Points out that indivudualization has created new kinds of personal relationships. Traditional social bonds, relationships and beliefs that are used to regulate people's choices have lost meaning and significance so people no longer feel governed by rules
Chambers
24 of 27
Argues that constant change and uncertainty have made human kind and kinship networks weak so as people explore and search for security, they create new and different family and living arrangements. This has created more options and opportunities for peop
Bauman
25 of 27
Identifies how contraception, IVF and other medical technologies alongside the improved position of women means that women are increasingly rejecting expressive housewife role
Beck-Gernsheim
26 of 27
Argue that the growth of individualisation means we should no longer talk of husbands and wives but couples or partnerships. Even the concept of parenthood is unclear and family names do not denote families and many choose to keep their separate names
Beck-Gernsheim (2)
27 of 27

Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Argues that the function the family performs depends on the society that it is in. It has led to the isolation of the nuclear family, loss of function, achieved status. With the rise if welfare systems, the family has to fulfil fewer functions

Back

Parsons

Card 3

Front

Argues that the family has retained its functions in the majority but institutions have added and improved to them. Families have more functions now not less. Government initiatives have placed bigger responsibility on parents. As a result, parents are mo

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

There has been the emergence of an underclass and a culture of dependency

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

The monogamous nuclear family was developed as a means of passing on private property to legitimate heirs. This ensures they continue to own the means of production. Monogamy provides proof of paternity

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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