sociology - education (social class - internal) - Flashcards in A Level and IB Sociology

what does Becker argue about labelling found in schools by teachers?

teachers have an 'ideal' student (mc + with mc values and clean appearance), so teachers normalise the underachievement of wc by setting them in lower sets and exam tiers.

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what did Hemple-Jorgenson find about the 'ideal' pupil?

'ideal' pupil varies. Aspen (wc) school = the pupil was quiet and passive + marked on behaviour not ability.
Rowan (mc) school = pupil judged on ability not behaviour.

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what does Becker conclude happens in schools?

the self fulfilling prophecy where children internalise and become the label once labelled.

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how is the labelling theory criticised?

too deterministic as not all students internalise their labels as some reject them, often when they are labelled as either positive or negative.

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what is streaming?

separating student based on ability, often leads to self-fulfilling prophecy. wc placed in lower sets and mc placed in higher.

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what was the A-C economy set out by Gillborn and Youdell?

they link streaming to exam results. schools getting better exam results put them in a better league table position, meaning more funding. so schools focus more time and effort on those with potential to get a C

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what is Gillborn and Youdell's educational triage?

it means the sorting of children into those who will pass (can be left), those with potential (helped to get a C) and then hopeless cases that are doomed (are left)

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what is Lacey's concepts of how pupil subcultures develop in response to labelling and streaming?

'differentiation' = teachers labelling
'polarisation' = response to this labelling and streaming by becoming and moving to the extreme or opposite 'poles', e.g., anti-school subcultures.

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name 4 other responses to labelling and streaming set out by Woods?

ingratiation = teachers pet, Ritualism = conforming and staying out of trouble, Retreatism = daydreaming and mucking about, Rebellion = complete rejection of school

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what does White argue about the school curriculum?

school education holds a mc curriculum and is based off of knowledge, so the wc are already disadvantaged as its not there language or cultural norms being used
school has mc habitus

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what is habitus?
what concept does it link / is similar to?

habitus = learn + taken for granted ways of thinking, acting + behaving that are share by a social class as a response to class structure.
Bourdieu's idea of cultural capital

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what does Archer claim the mc gain?
what does she claim happens to wc?

mc gain 'symbolic capital' due to their habitus is used by school
wc undergo 'symbolic violence' as schools devalue and stigmatise the wc habitus + identities, so withhold symbolic capital rom the wc to oppress them

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what are the other ways for how wc might gain self-worth and status that Archer says?

through styles and dress code, e.g., girls adopt their hyper-heterosexual feminine identities, but this conflicts with the school's dress code.
'Nike' identities (branded styles of wc) are seen as tasteless by mc

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criticism of only educational underachievement with wc
what was Ingram's study on wc boys and their relationship with educational success?

one group of wc boys passed their 11+ and attended grammar schools, however they experienced symbolic violence between their wc habitus and cultural capital against the schools mc values and habitus, this led to bullying and wc boys trying to 'fit in'

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