Sociologists - Families & Households

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Parsons (Fun)
Two conjugal roles: instrumental role (male) & expressive role (female). Gender division is functional for family, members & society. Division is biologically based.
1 of 35
Bott (March of progress view)
Two types of CR: segregated CR (sharp division of labour between m&f) and joint conjugal roles (sharing domestic tasks & leisure)
2 of 35
Oakley (Fem)
Housewife role is a result of: industrialisation & factory production in 19th century. Women were excluded from workforce & housewife role is socially constructed.
3 of 35
Kempson
Women in low-income families denied their own needs to make ends meet
4 of 35
Pahl & Vogler (control over family income)
1.Allowance system (men work & give non-working wives allowance) 2.Pooling (partners work & have joint responsibility for spending)
5 of 35
Yearnshire (domestic violence)
On average a woman suffers 35 assaults before reporting abuse
6 of 35
Dobash & Dobash (Radical fem)
Violence was triggered when husbands felt authority was being challenged. Marriage legitimates violence by giving men power.
7 of 35
Wilkinson (domestic violence & inequality)
Families that lack resources (e.g.low income, poor housing) suffer more stress & this increases risk of violence.
8 of 35
Benedict (cross-cultural differences)
Children in simpler, non-industrial societies are treated differently from their modern western counterparts (more responsibility; less value on obedience to adult authority; children's sexual behaviour viewed differently)
9 of 35
Cunningham (childhood in the West)
Children are seen as the opposite of adults, with the right to happiness
10 of 35
Aries (historical differences)
In medieval Europe, the idea of childhood did not exist
11 of 35
Shorter (historical differences)
Parental attitudes to children were very different (e.g.high child death rates encouraged indifference & neglect)
12 of 35
Aries (modern notion of childhood)
The 20th century was 'the century of the child'
13 of 35
Firestone (inequalities between children & adults)
Extensive care & protection are just new forms of oppression (e.g.being banned from paid work is not benefit but form of inequality)
14 of 35
Gittins (age patriarchy)
Age patriarchy of adult dominance that keeps children subordinate (adults exercise control over children's time, space & bodies)
15 of 35
Postman (future of childhood)
Childhood as we know it is disappearing. Children are becoming more like adults (gaining similar rights & acting in similar ways)
16 of 35
Postman (reason for childhood disappearing)
Result of television culture replacing print culture. Print culture=children lacked literacy skills needed to access info, so adults kept 'adult' matters secret. Television culture=makes info available to adults & children alike (boundary is broken)
17 of 35
Opie (future of childhood)
Childhood is not disappearing
18 of 35
Palmer ('toxic childhood')
Rapid technology & cultural changes are damaging children's development (e.g.junk food, computer games). As a result, children are deprived from genuine childhood
19 of 35
Lee (change or continuity?)
Childhood has not disappeared but has become more complex & contradictory
20 of 35
Murdock (Fun)
Four functions of family: 1.Educational 2.Reproductive 3.Sexual 4.Economic
21 of 35
Parsons (Fun)
Functions that the family performs depend on type of society. Also determines type of structure family will have: 1.three-generational extended family (pre-industrial) 2.two-generational nuclear family (modern industrial)
22 of 35
Engels (M)
Passing on wealth. Private property more important=monogamous marriage
23 of 35
Zaretsky (M)
Ideological functions. Only gain fulfillment from family like (distracts attention from exploitation)
24 of 35
McKeown (fall in death rate)
Better diet accounted for half the reduction in death rate, by increasing people's resistance to infection
25 of 35
Hirsch (ageing population)
We will need new policies to finance a longer old age (paying more taxes or raising retirement age)
26 of 35
Wilson (secularisation)
Religious institutions & ideas are losing influence
27 of 35
Fletcher (Fun)
Higher expectations of marriage are leading to higher divorce rates. Linked to ideology of romantic love=marriage is now based purely on love, not duty or economic factors as it was in the past
28 of 35
Weeks (civil partnership & sam-sex relationships)
Acceptance is leading to more stable relationships among gays
29 of 35
Chester
Neo-conventional family. Although there is some increased diversity, the nuclear family remains dominant.
30 of 35
Rapoport & Rapoport (five types of diversity)
Diversity is central to the family today. 1.Organisational 2.Cultural 3.Class 4.Life cycle differences 5.Generational differences
31 of 35
Giddens
Contraception & women's independence have brought greater choice & equality to relationships
32 of 35
Beck (risk society)
People have more choice, so they are more aware of risks - because making choices involves calculating risks of different courses of action
33 of 35
Murray (NR)
Benefits are 'perverse incentives' that reward irresponsible behaviour (e.g.state provides benefits to lone mothers, fathers will abandon families)
34 of 35
Land (Fem)
Policies often assume the patriarchal family to be the norm. As a result, policies act as a self-fulfilling prophecy
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Bott (March of progress view)

Back

Two types of CR: segregated CR (sharp division of labour between m&f) and joint conjugal roles (sharing domestic tasks & leisure)

Card 3

Front

Oakley (Fem)

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Kempson

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Pahl & Vogler (control over family income)

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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