Social influence-conformity

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  • Created by: _marxlee
  • Created on: 11-05-17 18:42
what is conformity?
how an individual or small group change their behaviour as a result of the influence of a larger group, where there is no direct request for them to do so
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what is informational social influence?
when people change their thoughts and actions because they are uncertain what to think or do in any given situation, so shall look to the majority for information on what to do
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when is most likely to occur?
in an ambiguous situation where the correct way to behave is unclear
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what is likely to result in?
internalisation
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what does this mean?
the person who is conforming takes the values behind the behaviour as their own, and therefore it is likely to result in a permanent change in behaviour
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what is normative social influence?
change our behaviour because we want to be liked and accepted by those in the majority.
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whats it likely to result in?
compliance- change our public behavior for the period of time we are with the group, but maintain our own private beliefs and are therefore likely to revert back as they leave the situation
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who suggested the 3 types of conformity?
kelman
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what is compliance?
when an individual wants to acheive a favourable reaction from the other group members-dont necessarily agree with the group, will stop conforming away from pressure
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what is identification?
individual adapts their behaviour and or opinions because they value membership of a particular group. individuals maintain group behaviour without group. still likely to lead to temporary change
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what is internalisation?
individual accepts the influence of the group because the ideas and actions are rewarding and consistent with his or her own value system. genuinely agrees with their view-permanent change
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what was the procedure in sherif?
lab experiment- used the autokinetic effect to demonstrate conformity. the autokinetic effect is an optical illusion that is experienced when a person, placed in completely dark room, perceives a stationary light to be moving
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what were the conditions in the experiment?
1- individually estimate, 2- groups of 3 and asked to estimate again aloud, 3- estimating individually
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what did sherif find in condition 1
each individuals estimate were relatively stable, but there was a considerable variation between p's
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what did sherif find in condition 2
judgements converged towards a group norm
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what did sherif find in condition 3?
individual p's tended to maintain the group norm
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what did this study show?
when faced with an ambiguous situation the ps look for others for help and guidance-informational social influence
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why is it informational social influence?
the ps will change their thoughts and behaviour as they are uncertain on what estimate to give in the ambiguous situation
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how was it evidenced that they internalised their answer?
they continued to use the group estimate when they were away from the group
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reliability of sherif
jenness asked ps to guess how many beans were in a glass jar, the findings were consistent when discussed in group, but differed considerably when asked individually. this shows that the study has reliability
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applications of sherif
used to show that working in groups can be useful or problematic if there is no exact answer. educators may consder to use group when asking students to complete more difficult tasks, although they would want to be aware- not 100% right answer
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validity of sherif
procedure=well controlled, we can now isolate the variable of being in a group and precisely measure its effects on the judgements of the ps-internal validity
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ecological validity of sherif
low- far from one which represents everyday life. ps were not really concerned about the answer, so happy to change their answer.
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asch study
asked to match one standard line with 3 possibilities, ps in experimental condition=50 male college students, tested in groups of 7,8,9. all other members of the group were confederates
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what were the confederates instructed to do?
give the wrong answer on certain critical trials
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what was the control study?
36ps, 20 trials each, only 3 mistakes out of 720 trials
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when did the naive participant answer?
the second or last to answer
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how many of the critical trials did the c give the wrong answer?
12 of the 18
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what percentage of ps didnt conform to any critical trials
26%
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what % of ps conformed on every critical trial
5%
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what % of ps conformed at least once
74%
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what was the basic conformity rate?
32%
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why did the ps conform?
please the experimenter, thought the experimenter wanted them to conform, doubted their own eyesight, didnt want to appear different or made to look like a fool
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what type of social influence does this show?
normative
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how is this an example of compliance?
they didnt internalise their answer
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applications of asch
juries-pressures to conform, allowing individual members to declare their opinion privately + educators-attempt to make children conform to socially acceptable behaviours
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reliability of asch
cultural differences- smith and bond- analysed 100 studies of of asch type procedure, found that collectivist cultures-more likely to show greater conformity- conformity is influenced by culture
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reliability of asch point 2
contradictory findings- perrin and spencer- replicated asch study on engineering study- no support for conformity effect, this study was a lot later than asch, conformity can be affected by cultural changes over time
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socially sensitive research-asch
implies conformity is a neg trait-due to taking conformity out of its social context, conformity=essential
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how might advertisers use this research?
to increase revenue for their clients by using the principles of normative social influence to manipulate people in order to sell more of their products
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validity of asch
all male sample- women tend to be more conformist, conclusions only relevant to men. asch uses trivial situations and therefore may overestimate levels of conformity in a real life environment
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individual differences of asch
some people need greater need to be liked than others. not everyone will be effected by the same situation equally, difficult to predict how an individual will respond to social pressures to conform
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what is informational social influence?

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when people change their thoughts and actions because they are uncertain what to think or do in any given situation, so shall look to the majority for information on what to do

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when is most likely to occur?

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what is likely to result in?

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what does this mean?

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