6. What does Johnson, 2000 define social exclusion as
Certain members of society being seperated from the norms
Outcome of a series of processes that lead to individuals not having access to civil society
Negative form of inclusion
7. What does Cameron, 2006 address surrounding social inclusion
Because it has never been defined in any other way, all texts use this definition as a given- now deeper analysis can be done
There are a series of processes before individuals gain social inclusion
8. When did more-than-huamn interactions arise?
90s, when social geography became more open (Del Casino, 2009)
Cultural turn, when geography accepted new boundaries (Del Casino, 2009)
9. 21st century has challenged traditional communities with...
Virtual communities
Less permanent home dwellers
Less commuters
More students
10. Which definition of social exclusion is more political and why?
Eisenstadt and Witcher, 1998- because it talks about civil society which could involve arguments such as legal age to vote.
Johnson, 2000- because it talks about civil society which could involve arguments such as legal age to vote
11. What other names are there for non-human and human interactions?
Both
More-than-human
Post-human
12. What three debates am I looking at?
Social exclusion/inclusion, role of community in 21st century, human-nonhuman interactions
Social exclusion, social inclusion and social strains
Space, place and territory
13. Who did Ginn, 2008 look at when establish human-non human relations at a societal level
Western and Aboriginal (Maori)
Western and Eastern Europe
Aboriginal (Maori) and Eastern Europe
14. At an individual level social tensions can arise when there is an attempt to separate species and purify areas- what does a 'weed' actually mean- who say this?
Panelli, 2010
Ginn, 2008
Paneli, 2010
Gin, 2008
15. WHo looked at social construction surrounding animals?
Ginn, 2008, treating certain animals as god, choosing not to eat others
Wolch et al. 2003, treating certain animals as god, choosing not to eat others
Panelli, 2010, treating certain animals as god, choosing not to eat others
16. What is the Maori perspective and how does it differ to western thought?
They do not see 'nature' and society as two seperate groups and as such have a preservative and respectful relationship with nature
They see nature and society as two distinct groups like western ideology, however treat it with respect to ensure it continues to reap benefits
17. Social inclusion is a very current topic at the moment- what did Cameron, 2006 say?
Social inclusion is always defined as the negative of exclusion- this is not excluded
Students are one of the most vulnerable groups to the presumption of social inclusion
18. Why have communities been studied by social geographers?
They allow full analysis of peoples mindsets
They fall on the spectrum of group sizes, individuals, communities, societies and nation states
You can see individual characters within them
19. The process of globalisation creates two knockon effects:
(England, 2011) A global community that easier than ever to access. And a desperation to cling onto local communities (brexit?)
(Wales, 2011) A global community that easier than ever to access. And a desperation to cling onto local communities (brexit?)
(England, 2012) A global community that easier than ever to access. And a desperation to cling onto local communities (brexit?)
(Wales, 2012) A global community that easier than ever to access. And a desperation to cling onto local communities (brexit?)
