oesophagus, trachea, subclavian artery and vein, common carotid artery, internal jugular vein
oesophagus, trachea, common carotid artery, internal jugular vein
oesophagus, trachea, subclavian artery and vein, common carotid artery, external jugular vein
13. what is the action of the pectorals minor
abducts arm, flexion and extension
pulling down the mandible (opening the mouth) and pulling the corners or the mouth (frowning)
depresses scapular, accessory respiration
adducts and medially rotates humerus; extends and flexes arm
protraction and rotation of scapular
14. what structures pass the diaphragm
inferior vena cava at T8 (through muscle), oesophagus at T10 (through tendon), aorta at T12 (behind)
oesophagus at T8 (through muscle), inferior vena cava at T10 (through tendon), aorta at T12 (behind)
oesophagus at T8 (through tendon), inferior vena cava at T10 (through muscle), aorta at T12 (behind)
inferior vena cava at T8 (behind), oesophagus at T10 (through muscle), aorta at T12 (through tendon)
inferior vena cava at T8 (through tendon), oesophagus at T10 (through muscle), aorta at T12 (behind)
aorta at T8 (behind), oesophagus at T10 (through muscle), inferior vena cava at T12 (through tendon)
15. what are lactiferous ducts
sebaceous glands that enlarge
conical/cyclindrical prominences
buds that appear like spikes on a bike wheel
exocrine modified sweat glands that produce milk
suspensory ligaments attaching mammary glands to dermis of skin
16. what is the action of the serratus anterior
pulling down the mandible (opening the mouth) and pulling the corners or the mouth (frowning)
protraction and rotation of scapular
adducts and medially rotates humerus; extends and flexes arm
abducts arm, flexion and extension
depresses scapular, accessory respiration
17. where do posterior intercostal veins drain to
2nd - 4th left posterior intercostal -> left superior intercostal ->accessory hemiazygous -> azygous -> svc.5th - 8th left posterior intercostal -> accessory hemiazygous -> azygous -> svc. 9th -11th left posterior intercostal ->hemiazygous -> azygous -> s
2nd - 4th right posterior intercostal -> right superior intercostal ->accessory hemiazygous -> azygous -> svc.5th - 8th right posterior intercostal -> accessory hemiazygous -> azygous -> svc. 9th -12th right posterior intercostal ->hemiazygous -> azygous -> svc. 2nd-4th left posterior intercostal -> left superior intercostal vein -> azygous -> svc. 5-12th left posterior intercostal -> azygous -> svc.
2nd - 4th right posterior intercostal -> right superior intercostal ->accessory hemiazygous -> azygous -> svc.5th - 8th right posterior intercostal -> accessory hemiazygous -> azygous -> svc. 9th -11th right posterior intercostal ->hemiazygous -> azygous -> svc. 2nd-4th left posterior intercostal -> left superior intercostal vein -> azygous -> svc. 5-11th left posterior intercostal -> azygous -> svc.
1st - 4th left posterior intercostal -> left superior intercostal ->accessory hemiazygous -> azygous -> svc.5th - 8th left posterior intercostal -> accessory hemiazygous -> azygous -> svc. 9th -11th left posterior intercostal ->hemiazygous -> azygous -> svc. 1st-4th right posterior intercostal ->right superior intercostal vein -> azygous -> svc. 5-11th right posterior intercostal -> azygous -> svc.
18. what vessels form the hemiazygous vein
SVC
left ascending lumbar and left subcostal
right ascending lumbar and right subcostal
internal thorasic and musculophrenic
subclavian
19. what are the costotranverse and costovertebral joints
costotranverse: where the tubercle on the neck of the rib articulates with the transverse process of the vertebrae. costovertebral: where the articular facet on the head of the rib articulates with the inferior costal facet on the corresponding vertebrae and the superior costal facet of the vertebrae above
costotranverse: where the tubercle on the head of the rib articulates with the transverse process of the vertebrae. costovertebral: where the articular facet on the neck of the rib articulates with the superior costal facet on the corresponding vertebrae and the inferior costal facet of the vertebrae above
costotranverse: where the tubercle on the neck of the rib articulates with the transverse process of the vertebrae. costovertebral: where the articular facet on the head of the rib articulates with the superior costal facet on the corresponding vertebrae
costotranverse: where the articular facet on the head of the rib articulates with the superior costal facet on the corresponding vertebrae and the inferior costal facet of the vertebrae above costovertebral: where the tubercle on the neck of the rib articulates with the transverse process of the vertebrae.
20. what are venae comitantes
a vein running alongside an artery. the pulsations of the artery aid venous return
a pair of veins running alongside an artery. the pulsations of the artery aid venous return
a pair of arteries running alongside a vein. the pulsations of the arteries aid venous return