Science - Glossary

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  • Created by: Carolyn
  • Created on: 11-04-14 20:08
how quickly speed increases or decreases
acceleration
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an aqueous compound with a pH value less than 7
acid
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the minimum amount of energy required to cause a reaction
activation energy
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the amount of radioactive decay per second
activity
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a substance that has a pH value higher than 7
alkali
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a current that reverses direction of flow continuously
alternating current
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a solution made when a solute dissolves in water
aqueous solution
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the use of organisms, parts of organisms, or the process the organisms carry out, to produce useful (chemical) substances
biotechnology
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chemicals made on a large scale
bulk chemicals
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a substance that is used to speed up a chemical reaction without being chemically altered itself
catalyst
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a component that produces a voltage in a circuit
cell
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the process by which many useful products are made
chemical synthesis
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a chemical reaction that occurs when fuels burn, releasing heat
combustion
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a substance in which the atoms of two or more elements are chemically joined, either by ionic or covalent bonds
compound
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the force of attraction between two atoms sharing electrons
covalent bond
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the formation of solid crystals from a solution
crystallisation
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an electric current that only flows in one direction
direct current
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the process by which an electric current causes a solution, containing ions, to undergo chemical decomposition
electrolysis
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a negatively charged particle that orbits the nucleus
electron
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a chemical reaction that takes in energy (heat) from its surroundings so that the products have more energy than its reactants
endothermic reaction
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a chemical reaction that gives out energy (heat) to its surroundings so that the products have less energy than its reactants
exothermic reaction
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chemicals manufactured on a small scale
fine chemicals
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the number of times that something happens in a set period of time; the number of times a wave oscillates in one second; measured in hertz
frequency
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the energy an object has because of its height and mass above the Earth
gravitional potential energy
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a vertical column of elements in the periodic table
group
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the time taken for half the radioactive nuclei in a material to decay
half-life
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contains all the water on Earth, including rivers, oceans, lakes etc.
hydrosphere
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a property that means a substance cannot dissolve in a solvent
insoluble
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the speed of an object at a particular moment
instantaneous speed
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a positively or negatively cahrged particle formed when an atom, or groups of atoms, loses or gains electrons
ion
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exposure to ionising radiation
irradiation
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an analysis of a product from manufacture to disposal
life cycle assessment (LCA)
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the rigid outer layer of the Earth made up of the crust and the part of the mantle just below it
lithosphere
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a measure of the state of motion of an object as a product of its mass and velocity
momentum
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the reaction between an acid and a base which forms products that are pH neutral
neutralisation
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a particle found in the nucleus of an atom that has no electric charge
neutron
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light nuclei join to form a heavier nucleus, releasing energy
nuclear fusion
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a chemical reaction that occurs when oxygen joins with an element or compund
oxidation
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a circuit in which components are connected in separate loops, so there are two (or more) paths for the currect to take
parallel circuit
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a horizontal row of elements in the periodic table
period
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a measure of acidity or alkalinity
pH
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the difference in electrical energy carried by the charge between two points
potential difference/voltage
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an insoluble solid formed during a reaction involving solutions
precipitate
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the process of forming a precipitate by mixing solutions
precipitation
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a positively charged particle found in the nucleus of an atom
proton
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a chemical reaction that occurs when oxygen is removed
reduction
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the average mass of an atom of an element compared with a twelfth of the mass of a carbon atom
relative atomic mass (RAM)
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the sum of the atomic masses of all the atoms in a molecule
relative formula mass (RFM)
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a measure of how hard it is to get a current through a component at a particular potential difference
resistance
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the total force acting on an object (the effect of all forces combined)
resultant force
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the product of a chemical reaction between a base and an acid
salt
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a circuit in which there is only one path for the current to take; all components are connected in a single loop
series circuit
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the mixture formed when a solute dissolves in a solvent
solution
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a liquid that can dissolve another substance to produce a solution
solvent
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the transfer of electrons from one material to another
static electricity
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an accuarate technique that can used to find the volume of liquid needed to neutralise an acid
titration
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an electrical device used to change the voltage of alternating currents
tranformer
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a mixture of pH indicators, which produces a range of colours according to pH and can, therefore, be used to measure the pH of a solution
universal indicator
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an object's speed and direction
velocity
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the amount of product obtained, e.g. from a crop or a chemical reaction
yield
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a reaction, for example nuclear fission, that is self-sustaining
chain reaction
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an atom of the same element that contains different numbers of neutrons but the same number of protons
isotope
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the splitting of atomic nuclei, which is accompanied by a release of energy
nuclear fission
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the place where fission occurs in a nuclear power station
nuclear reactor
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a graph showing velocity against the time taken; the line represents acceleration
velocity-time graph
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

an aqueous compound with a pH value less than 7

Back

acid

Card 3

Front

the minimum amount of energy required to cause a reaction

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

the amount of radioactive decay per second

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

a substance that has a pH value higher than 7

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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