Science as a Belief System 0.0 / 5 ? SociologyReligion and beliefsA2/A-levelAQA Created by: hollyrebekahCreated on: 27-09-20 10:13 What does Popper claim science to be? An open belief system 1 of 17 What is falsification? Setting out to try and prove existing theories wrong 2 of 17 What is the key feature of scientific knowledge, according to Popper? It is not sacred or absolute truth; anyone can question, criticise and prove it false at any time 3 of 17 Who argued that science can only thrive if it receives support from other institutions? Merton 4 of 17 What are the CUDOS norms? Communism, Universalism, Disinterestedness, and Organised Scepticism 5 of 17 Who distinguished between open and closed beliefs systems? Horton 6 of 17 Why do closed belief systems use ‘get-out clauses’? To reinforce the system and prevent it from being disproved 7 of 17 What did Evans-Pritchard study? Witchcraft among the Azande people of the Sudan 8 of 17 How is the belief of witchcraft among the Azande people highly resistant to change? The believers are trapped in their own ‘idiom of belief’ or way of thinking 9 of 17 What devices does Polanyi identify which all belief systems use to sustain themselves? Circularity, subsidiary explanations, and denial of legitimacy to rivals 10 of 17 What is a paradigm according to Kuhn? Something that tells scientists what reality is, what problems to study, the methods/equipment to use, and what answers they should find 11 of 17 What do interpretivist sociologists argue? All knowledge is socially constructed 12 of 17 Who points out that everything scientists do in the lab is highly constructed and far removed from the natural world? Knorr-Centina 13 of 17 What evidence does Woolgar use to argue that scientific fact is simply a social construct that scientists have to persuade people into accepting? The discovery of ‘pulsars’ by the Cambridge astronomy laboratory in 1967 14 of 17 What evidence do Marxists use to argue scientific knowledge serves the interests of capitalism? Theoretical work on ballistics was driven by the need to develop new weaponry 15 of 17 What evidence do Feminists use to argue scientific knowledge serves the interests of the patriarchy? Biological ideas have been used to justify male domination 16 of 17 How do Postmodernists like Lyotard view science? As just another discourse used to dominate people 17 of 17
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