S2W9 Type 1 and type 2 diabetes (FS)

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Created by: Tino Muronda
Created on: 03-05-21 11:24

What is type 1 diabetes?

Absolute insulin deficiency (due to destruction of insulin-producing pancreatic beta cells)

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What is type 2 diabetes?

Variable combination of insulin resistance and insulin insufficiency

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What are the plasma glucose concentrations for hyperglycaemia?

Random plasma glucose: >=11mmolL
Fasting plasma glucose: >=7mmolL
Oral glucose tolerance test: >= 11.1mmolL

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What is a good indicator of glycaemic control?

Glycosylated Hb (A1C) leves - less than 6.5% is good
Every 1% fall in A1C results in 20-30% relative risk reduction in microvascular complications

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What are the two main incretins in glucose homeostasis?

Glucagon-like-peptide-1 (GLP-1) and GIP

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What are the roles of incretins?

Increase glucose uptake by muscles and decrease glucose production by liver therefore decrease blood glucose concentration

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What is the mechanism of action of GLP-1?

It activates adelylate cyclase which amplifies glucose-induced insulin release(ATP sensitive K channels).

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What are some drug treatment examplesof Type 2 diabetes?

Metformin: Decreases gluconeogenesis
Sulfonylureas: bind and close KATP channels, depolarise B cell releasin insulin
Thiazolidinediones: reduces insulin resistance
SGLT2 inhibitors: promote glucose excretion via kidney
Incretin targeting drugs: potentiate

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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What is type 2 diabetes?

Back

Variable combination of insulin resistance and insulin insufficiency

Card 3

Front

What are the plasma glucose concentrations for hyperglycaemia?

Back

Card 4

Front

What is a good indicator of glycaemic control?

Back

Card 5

Front

What are the two main incretins in glucose homeostasis?

Back

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S2W9 Type 1 and type 2 diabetes (FS)