Class 2 reactions:
Folate biosynthetic pathway
Good target as this differs between bacteria and host
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What is the mechanism of action of trimethoprim?
Binds to dihydrofolate reductase and inhibits the reduction of dihydrofolic acid (DHF) to tetrahydrofolic acid (THF) THF is an essential precursor in the thymidine synthesis pathway and interferences with this pathway inhibits bacterial DNA synthesis
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What are peptidoglycans?
Make up the cell wall of bacteria, which forms a string bag around bacterial cells
Supports underlying plasma membrane
Together comprise the bacteria envelope
Provides mechanical strength that allows bacteria to survive environmental conditions that alte
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What are some examples of b lactam antibiotics?
Penicillin
Cephalosporins
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What are the different numbers for bacterial ribosomes and human ribosomes?
50S and 30S for bacterial ribosomes and 40S and 60S for human ribosomes
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What do tetracyclines do?
Prevent tRNA binding to the ribosome (A site)
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What do Chloramphenicols do?
Inhibit transpeptidation - causing premature termination of peptide chain
Prevent the attachment of viruses to the host cell
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What do fusion inhibitors do?
Prevent penetration of host cell
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What does Amantidine do?
Stops the spread of virus by inhibiting the uncoating stage
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What does nucleoside or nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) do?
Reverse transcriptase so prevent replication of nucleic acid - acyclovir
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What is the role of interferon alpha?
Alert the organism in case of viral infection and inhibit viral multiplication
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What do protease inhibitors do?
Block the activity of preotease enzyme, this prevents protease enzyme from doing its part in allowing HIV to multiply
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What do neuraminidase inhibitors do?
Blocks neuraminidase which prevents the release of viruses from the infected host cell - influenza -tamiflu
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How does antibiotic resistance arise?
Organisms with sensitivity, partial sensitivity and resistance to antimicrobial treatment
Antimicrobial then kills the sensitive organisms but not the resistant ones. These then reproduce and are transmitted/share genes
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What is the mechanism of bacterial antibiotic resistance?
Production of enzymes that inactivate the drug
Alteration of drug binding site
Reduction of drug update
Alteration of enzyme pathways
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
What is the mechanism of action of trimethoprim?
Back
Binds to dihydrofolate reductase and inhibits the reduction of dihydrofolic acid (DHF) to tetrahydrofolic acid (THF) THF is an essential precursor in the thymidine synthesis pathway and interferences with this pathway inhibits bacterial DNA synthesis
Card 3
Front
What are peptidoglycans?
Back
Card 4
Front
What are some examples of b lactam antibiotics?
Back
Card 5
Front
What are the different numbers for bacterial ribosomes and human ribosomes?
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