Russia

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  • Created by: Polly
  • Created on: 15-05-14 18:13
Why was Russia so hard to govern?
Enormous, very different climates, only one railway line going through, less than half spoke Russian
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What were the long term causes of the 1917 revolution?
Peasants dissatisfied with how the land was divided up, workers angry about terrible working conditions, low wages, and long hours.
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What was the short term cause of the 1917 revolution?
War
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How did the war effect the army?
Lost thousands of men, friends, and family. Had few weapons, and injured were not attended to.
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How did the war effect the peasants?
All food went to the army, prices of goods increased
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How did the war effect the workers?
Prices of goods increased, wages did not, unemployment increased
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How did the war effect the Middle Class?
Lost importance as soldiers gained all priorities, prices of goods increased
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How did the war effect the aristocrats?
Became more middle class as prices increased.
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Who was the Rasputin?
Cured Tsarina's son and was believed to be sent by God.
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Why did the Rasputin make the Tsar unpopular?
Brought him into conflict with Duma, supposed sex maniac, scandals about relationship with the Tsarina
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What was the winter of 1916 like?
Railway lines iced up, little food got into Petrograd, no bread, huge queues, extremely high prices, unemployment, low wages
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What did Nicholas do that made him even more unpopular?
Went to take over the running of the war, which meant he was blamed for failures, left GERMAN wife in charge, Rasputin helped.
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What happened in March 1917?
40,000 workers on strike, joined by thousands of women on International Women's Day, Tsar ordered the demonstrations be put down by force, army refused to fire on the crowds, mutiny HAD to spread.
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What was the PG?
Provisional Government were a temporary government which would run the country until elections were held
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What was the Soviet?
Workers and soldiers sent representatives to form a soviet, the most important was the Petrograd Soviet
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What was the relationship between the PG and Soviet?
PG could only carry out its decisions if the soviet agreed.
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What were the weaknesses of the PG?
Continued war, soldiers deserted and Russia was drained of its resources. Refused to give out land, but peasants started disobeying and taking land for themselves
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What were July Days?
People became more opposed to the war, demonstrations, Bolsheviks helped, rioting, troops broke up the Bolsheviks, Kerensky produced evidence Lenin was working for the Germans, and Lenin was forced to flee to Finland
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What was the Kornilov Revolt?
Kornilov was head of the army, wanted to deal with revolutionaries, ordered Cossacks to march on Petrograd, Kerensky asked Bolsheviks for help, workers stopped Cossaks, Bolsheviks kept rifles and seen as saviours of Petrograd
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When did the Bolsheviks seize power?
7th November 1917
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How did the Bolsheviks seize power?
Red Guards took control of major sites in Petrograd, stormed winter palace
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What were the November Decrees?
Maximum of 8 hours a day and 48 hours a week of work, employment insurance, titles and classes abolished, men and women equal, non B newspapers banned.
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What were the December Decrees?
Factories under Soviet control, bank taken over by government, army more democratic, church land confiscated by state, divorces easy, land divided equally, peasants forced to give surplus away.
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What were the Cheka?
Secret Police, arrested and terrified people.
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What were the events of the Constituent Assembly?
Lenin forced to hold elections, Socialist Revolutionaries win, Lenin shut down Constitutent Assembly.
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What did Russia lose when negotiating peace?
1/6 of population, 27% of farmland, 26% of railways, 74% of iron ore and coal
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Who were the two sides of the Civil War?
Reds (Bolsheviks), Whites (all opposition)
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What advantages did the Reds have?
One aim, had control of Moscow which was industrial centre, had Trotsky and Lenin, benefited from other countries intervention, had peasant support
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What disadvantages did the Whites have?
Many different aims (negative cohesion), scattered around country, lacked good leaders, had support of other countries which was ineffective and half hearted.
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What was War Communism in the cities?
Bolsheviks told factories what to produce, no more soviet rule, strict discipline, all food rationed, black market became popular.
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What was War Communism in the countryside?
Units of Cheka seized surplus, goods bartered, black market, food shortages.
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What did the NEP say?
Grain requisitioning stopped, peasants could sell surplus, traders could buy and sell goods, small factories returned to owners, wages increased,
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What were the long term causes of the 1917 revolution?

Back

Peasants dissatisfied with how the land was divided up, workers angry about terrible working conditions, low wages, and long hours.

Card 3

Front

What was the short term cause of the 1917 revolution?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

How did the war effect the army?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

How did the war effect the peasants?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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