RM

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  • Created by: Darcebrad
  • Created on: 20-04-23 21:05
What is the control
Allows inferences about cause
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Name 3 ways to describe significance
Test stat larger than expected if no effect, reject null, <5% null true
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Describe 3 ways for non sig
95% due to chance, reject alt, do not accept null
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What is reliability, give 2 examples
Are results consistent? Internal- within test, external- inter rater
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What is validity
Measures what it intends to
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What is construct validity
Adheres to theory of concept being measured
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What is criterion validity
Similar to other tests measuring same thing
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What is content validity
Covers all aspects
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What are measurement errors
Discrep between observed and actual values
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What is a random error
Misreading scores
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What is a systematic error
Consistent diffs, such as miscalibration, doing things to one group but not another
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What is unsystematic variance
Variance due to unmeasured variables
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What are inferential stats
Draw conclusions about groups
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How to calculate expected values
Prob x total ps no.
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What is type one error
State effect when there isn’t
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What controls for type one error
Planned contrasts
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What are contrasts
Look at do the means differ
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What is power
How large a sample to detect an effect, 1-b
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If a b=.2 what does this mean
20% chance of type 2 error
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What is p hacking
Selective reporting of sig results
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What is harking
Hyp made after results are known
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What are correlations
Look at the outcome of DV from IV with some error
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What is the parameter
The model (SSm) or Bo
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What does B1 mean
The gradient
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What is variance
Spread of data
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How to calculate variance
SD2 = total (x - mean) divided by N-1
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What is standard deviation
The square root of variance
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How to calculate z score
X-mean/ SD
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What is covariance
Overlap of shared variance, how they relate e.g. ancova
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What do multiple comparisons control for
Family wise error
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What are multiple comparisons
Compare every group mean
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What is residual variance
How well the regression line model fits the actual data
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What is R
The correlation of the IV on DV and the observed values
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What is R squared
The coefficient of determination, strength of correl without direction
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what does R= .5 mean
25% variance accounted for by IV
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What is the calculation for R squared
SSr divided by SSt
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What is Rsq change
Shows the direction of correl by controlling for variables
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What does adjusted Rsq show
How much variance is shared by 2+ IVs
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What is the standardised b coefficient and which test uses this
Multiple regression, and shows how much DV changes for every 1 SD change in IV
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Describe F stats in 2 ways
How good the model is, is the line of best fit (model) better for DV than the mean
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How to calculate F
MSm/ MSr
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What is a good F change stat
<1
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What is the regression stat in 3 ways
The model, SSm, diff between mean and model
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Describe residuals in 3 ways
Error, SSr, diff of observed and model
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Describe the total in 2 ways
SSt, diff of obs and mean
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What tests use df (x,x)
ANOVA and ancova
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What is bivariate correlation
Correlation between 2 variables
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What is semi partial
Correl between 2 var while control for 1 additional
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What is partial
Correl of 2 var while partial effect of additional var on both
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What is biserial correlation
Strength of reli between 2 var when both are categ/dichotomous
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What is point biserial
Strength of 2 var when one contin and one categ
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What is simple regression
Linear model of 1 IV and 1 DV
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What is multiple regression
Reli of many IVs and 1 DV
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What is hierarchal regression
Comparing models for sig of variance, calculated order
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What is stepwise regression
Variables entered into model based on math criteria
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What is logistic regression
Predict the categ outcome
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What are indep t test assumptions
Indep groups, no sig outliers, norm, homog of var
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What is homogeneity of variance
Equal variance, no relationship
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What does it mean for independent obs/groups
No relationship between the groups
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What are independence of errors
Autocorrelation
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What is no autocorrelation
No reli, diff obs, approx 0
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What is multicollinearity
When variables correl highly and likely measure same thing
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What tests for multicollinearity and what would be good stat
VIF <10, Tolerance >.1
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What is homoscedasticity
Equal distributions across x axis
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What is additivity
No interaction, independent from each other
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What 3 things are caused by multicollinearity
Untrustworthy bs- se of b rises, limits r, can’t assess IV importance
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What is Sphericity and what tests for this
Variance of diffs are equal, Mauchleys test-not sig
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What are casewise residuals and what is a good score
Do the individual scores influence the model too much, <2
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What stats would you want from standardised test statistic for sig
Between -1.96 and 1.96
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What is a low, medium and high score for cramers V
.2, .4, .6
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What is a low, medium and high score for Cohens d
.2, .5, .8
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What is a low, medium and high score for R
.29, .3-.49, .5-1
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What is a low, medium and high score for ETA squared
.01, .06, .14
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How to calculate chi sq
Total (OF-EF) squared / error
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How to calculate df for chi sq tests
(No. Of rows-1) x (no. Of columns-1)
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What test uses df-2
Pearsons
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What is the t stat for multiple regression
Sig of coefficient R for each IV
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What is the t stat for t tests, what would p=.002 mean
The prob of null,0.2% null is correct
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How to calculate cohens d
Mean variable - mean other var / SD of first var
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What are the dependent t test assumptions
Contin DV, outliers, indep obs, norm
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Assumptions for simple regression
Contin DV, linear, indep errors/auto correl, norm, homosced
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Assumptions for Linear regression
Linear, auto correl, multicollinearity, homosced, norm, additivity
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Assumptions for Multiple regression
Linear, indep obs, multicollinearity, homosced, norm,
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Assumptions for 1 way indep ANOVA
Contin DV, 2+ categ IVs, indep obs, norm, outliers, homog
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Assumptions for repeated ANOVA
Contin DV, 2+ categ IVs, outliers, norm, sphericity
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Assumptions for ANOVA or two way indep
Norm, homog, random allocation, indep obs, contin DV
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Assumptions for Ancova
Homog, indep obs, linear, norm
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Assumptions for Mixed factorial ANOVA
Contin DV, norm, homosced, multicollinearity
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Assumptions for Chi sq
>5 sample, <2 categ var, <2 conditions
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Assumptions for Parametric tests
Norm, homog, outlier, random and indep samples
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What tests are non parametric
Chi sq, logistic regression, log linear
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What is chi sq
Comparing observed with expected values, are 2 categ var related
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When to use chi sq
1+ categ var, 1IV
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What is logistic regression
Predicts the categ outcome
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When to use logistic regression
Categ var, 1+ IV, both designs for DV
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What is log linear analysis
Correl between 2+ categ var
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When to use log linear
Categ var, 2+ IV, categ DV
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What is indep t test
Compares 2 means from indep groups
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When to use indep t tests
Contin, 1 IV, less than 2 groups, 1 DV
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Non parametric version of indep t test
Mann whitney
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What is dependent t test
Compares 2 means for one group
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Non parametric version of dependent t test
Wilcoxon
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What is pearsons correlation
Strength of reli between 2 variables
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Non parametric version of Pearsons
Spearman’s
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When to use pearsons
Contin, 1 IV, 1 DV
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What is 1 way ANOVA
Diff between 2+ group means
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When to use 1 way ANOVA
Contin, 1 IV, 1 DV, 2+ groups
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Non parametric version of 1 way anova
Kruskal
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What is 1 way repeated anova
Diff between 2+ group means from same group
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Non parametric version of 1 way repeated anova
Friedmans
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What is 2 way anova
Compare means of 2 IV groups on DV
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When to use 2 way Anova
Contin, 2 Iv, 1 DV, 2+ groups
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What is mixed factorial
How many factors affect the DV
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What is an example of 2,3,4 factorial designs
2- 1 IV, 1 repeated, 3- 1 IV, 2 repeated, 4- 2 IV, 2 repeated
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When to use mixed factorials
Contin, 2+ IV, 1 DV, 2+ groups with diff designs
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What is multiple regression
Strength of reli between 2+ IV and 1 DV
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When to use multiple regression
Contin, 2+ IV, 1 DV
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What is ancova
Reli between categ or contin vars on contin DV, controlling for covariates
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When to use ancova
2+ IV or groups, 1 contin DV, 1 contin covar
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What tests need to be non sig for assumptions to be met
Levene sig, Levene equal variance, mauchley, interaction effects
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Which test looks at sphericity
1 way repeated anova
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What are continuous variables and give examples
Interval eg temp, ratio eg age, height
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What are categorical variables with examples
Nominal e.g. name, ordinal e.g. ranks, binary e.g. yes or no
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Card 2

Front

Name 3 ways to describe significance

Back

Test stat larger than expected if no effect, reject null, <5% null true

Card 3

Front

Describe 3 ways for non sig

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What is reliability, give 2 examples

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What is validity

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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