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6. How do right realists build on Rational choice theory?

  • They argue that currently the percieved costs of crime are low so good time to catch em, Criminals see little risk of being caught or punished, formal punishment and informal social controls (family & community) are strong
  • They argue that currently the percieved costs of crime are low so crime rate risen, Criminals see little risk of being caught or punished, formal punishment and informal social controls (family & community) are weak
  • They argue that currently the percieved costs of crime are high so crime rate fallen, Criminals see little risk of being caught or punished, formal punishment and informal social controls (family & community) are weak

7. What is a evaluation of Control theory (Hirschi)?

  • Focuses on conformity not criminality, taught through socialisation, sometimes bonds explain deviance (loyalty to peer group or subculture), assumes shared set of values (Marxism disagrees), lack of supportive evidence
  • Focuses on criminality not conformity, taught through secondary socialisation, sometimes bonds explain crime (loyalty to peer group or gang subculture), assumes shared set of values (Marxism disagrees), lack of supportive evidence
  • Focuses on conformity not criminality, taught through primary socialisation, sometimes bonds explain deviance (loyalty to peer group or subculture), assumes shared set of norms (Marxism disagrees), lack of supportive qualitative evidence

8. What is the result of the underclass's situation?

  • Young males turn to other, delinquent role models on street, gain status through crime not steady job, hate police & authority
  • Young females turn to other, delinquent role models on street, gain status through crime not housewifing, hate police & authority
  • Young males turn to other, delinquent role models on street, gain status through crime not steady job, hate families for poor socialisation

9. What is an evaluative point of underclass theory?

  • No concrete evidence for underclass, easy to study, would admit it, Questionaries suggest poor have same values/beliefs as majority
  • No concrete evidence for underclass, hard to study, wont admit it, Questionaries suggest poor have same values/beliefs as majority
  • Little concrete evidence for underclass, hard to study, wont admit it, Questionaries suggest poor have same values/beliefs as other minorities

10. Which New right sociologisr suggests a class below w/c and what is it?

  • Murray - The underclass (deviant and criminal values, spread to children via socialisation)
  • Marsland - The underclass (deviant and criminal values, spread to children via socialisation)
  • Murray - The topclass (rich deviant and criminal values, spread to children via socialisation)

11. What was Wilson's conclusion?

  • Police have crucial role to play in restoring balance of incilivities & helping to recreate community. More law enforcement, less order maintenance (stop noisy youths, etc), change view of whats acceptable, make public spaces feel safe
  • Police have crucial role to play in restoring balance of incilivities & helping to recreate community. Less law enforcement, more order maintenance (stop noisy youths, etc), change view of whats acceptable, make public spaces feel safe
  • Courts have crucial role to play in restoring balance of incilivities & helping to recreate community. Less law enforcement, more order maintenance (stop noisy youths, etc), change view of whats acceptable, make public spaces feel safe

12. How does Matthews evidence critise Wilson?

  • Compared zero tolerance programmes with more liberal approaches, found little difference on impact of negoaiting labels
  • Compared zero tolerance programmes with more liberal approaches, found little difference on impact of crime rates
  • Compared zero tolerance programmes with more liberal approaches, found alot of difference on impact of crime rates

13. Who also disagree with underclass theory and why?

  • Rex & Charlesworth - Reject idea of subculture that is voluntarily unemployed, criminal behaviour - poverty usually caused by external factors beyond control of poor eeg global reccession, gov policies, etc
  • Rex & Tomlinson - Reject idea of subculture that is voluntarily unemployed, criminal behaviour - poverty usually caused by external factors beyond control of poor eeg global reccession, gov policies, etc
  • Charlesworth - Reject idea of subculture that is voluntarily unemployed, criminal behaviour - poverty usually caused by external factors beyond control of poor eeg global reccession, gov policies, etc

14. How does Murray see the underclass?

  • Lacking in moral values, commitment to marriage & family life, irrepsonsible single mothers, too many temporary fathers discipline and role models
  • Lacking in moral values, commitment to marriage & family life, irrepsonsible single mothers, lack of father discipline and role models
  • Lacking in norms, commitment to marriage & friends, irrepsonsible single fathers, lack of mother love and role models

15. Which Right Realists' explanation is callled 'Broken windows' and why?

  • Jones - More crime when social control breaks down, incivilities (liter, vandalism) are kept low by others reaction, once that stops serious crime takes over - once one broken window in abandoned building, they all are
  • Wilson - More crime when social control breaks down, incivilities (liter, vandalism) are kept low by others reaction, once that stops serious crime takes over - once one broken window in abandoned building, they all are
  • Herrnstein - More crime when social control breaks down, incivilities (liter, vandalism) are kept low by others reaction, once that stops serious crime takes over - once one broken window in abandoned building, they all are

16. Which New Right thinks something is resdponsible for the development of the underclass and what is it?

  • Marsland - Employers not hiring w/c people in inner cities (undermined sense of commitement and obligation to support each other, prefer m/c to w/c)
  • Marsland - Welfare dependency (undermined sense of commitement and obligation to support each other, prefer benefits to work)
  • Murrray - Welfare dependency (undermined sense of commitement and obligation to support each other, prefer benefits to work)

17. What is control theory and who said it?

  • Hirschi - Most people dont commit crime as have four controls in their lives that make the costs of punishment more than rewards (economic and personal gain)
  • Merton - Most people dont commit crime as have four controls in their lives that make the costs of punishment more than rewards (economic and personal gain)
  • Clarke - Most people dont commit crime as have four controls in their lives that make the costs of punishment more than rewards (economic and personal gain)

18. As an evalutaion of WIlson - What are right realists accused of failing to theorise the causes of what?

  • Causes of offending and evidence suggests high reoffending rates among offenders who experienced easy approaches like restorative justice
  • Causes of offending and evidence suggests high reoffending rates among offenders who experienced hard line approaches, ignore impact of stratification &poverty on offending rates, accept stats as valid
  • Causes of reoffending and evidence suggests high reoffending rates among offenders who experienced hard line approaches

19. What do the New Right see as the main cause of crime?

  • In reccent years Left Realists giving excuses for street crime the underclass in inner city areas and on council estates commit
  • In reccent years the underclass in inner city areas and on council estates
  • In reccent years the upperrclass in inner city areas and bussiness districts

20. Who studied a council estate and did it support underclass or not?

  • Charlesworth - Used particpant observation and formal interviews, found poor economic conditions gad bad effect on health, few unemployeed had depression, lose of identity, many commit crime - Doesnt support it as little crime due to it
  • Charlesworth - Used particpant observation and conversational interviews, found poor economic conditions gad bad effect on health, many unemployeed had depression, lose of identity, few commit crime - Doesnt support it as little crime due to it
  • Rex & Timlinson - Used particpant observation and conversational interviews, found poor economic conditions gad bad effect on health, many unemployeed had depression, lose of identity, few commit crime - Doesnt support it as little crime due to it