-biology
-some are biologically innately predisposed to commit crime
-personality traits like aggression, risk taking and low impulse control
1 of 6
Charles Murray (1990)
-underclass commit most crime
-poor socialisation
-dependency culture on welfare
-due to increase in lone parenting
2 of 6
Ron Clarke (1980)
-Rational choice theory
-criminals will weigh up costs and benefits then decide if they're worth committing crime
-cost e.g prison
-benefit e.g money
3 of 6
How to tackle crime
-use formal control to make crime less attractive
-increase surveillance (e.g CCTV)
-zero tolerance (broken windows theory) through harsher punishments
-target hardening (make it harder to access public & private buildings)
4 of 6
Wilson and Kelling (1982)
-Broken windows theory
-small crimes left unchecked
-sends signal to criminals that bigger crimes are also acceptable
5 of 6
Criticisms
-victim blaming
-doesn't explain white collar crime or domestic violence
-overstates the role of rationality
-scapegoats the underclass
-ignores issues like poverty
-crime is displaced to other areas
6 of 6
Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
Charles Murray (1990)
Back
-underclass commit most crime
-poor socialisation
-dependency culture on welfare
-due to increase in lone parenting
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